Dominance-diversity relationships of the free amino acids in coastal zooplankton

Jeffries, H. Perry; Alzara, Laima

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(70)90546-3

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Therefore, for these 2 compounds other values measured for C. finmarchicus were obtained from the literature. Thus, free amino acids were assumed to be 4% (Jeffries & Alzara 1970) and nucleotides 1.7% (Balch 1972, Skjoldal & Båmstedt 1977.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 invertebrates, use free amino acids as the main regulatory compounds for intracellular osmolarity in muscle tissue (Hochachka & Somero 2002). The higher free amino acid concentration of marine zooplankton as well as the different amino acid composition have been shown to be related with environmental salinity (Harris 1969, Jeffries & Alzara 1970. Therefore, the difference in the relative proportion of amono acids between freshwater and marine habitats is due to different physiological adaptation.…”

Section: Biochemical Differences Between Freshwater and Marine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking biochemical and elemental composition in freshwater and marine crustacean zooplankton

Ventura¹

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The major groups of biochemical compounds (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, chitin, nucleic acids and nucleotides) have a distinct functional role and, therefore, incorporation of biochemical interpretations into stoichiometric analysis would improve our current understanding of species life histories and their interactions. A review of the stoichiometric composition of the main biochemical compounds of freshwater and marine zooplankton revealed high constancy. No significant differences were found between marine and freshwater species or between any of the taxonomic groups considered (copepods, cladocerans, euphausiids and mysiids) for most of the main biochemical compounds (triacylglycerol, wax esters, phospholipids and proteins). Therefore, it can be concluded that inter-and intraspecific stoichiometric variability is a result of differences in the proportions of the main biochemical compounds. Comparison of the biochemical composition of 182 freshwater and marine species revealed that freshwater species had lower ATP and free amino acid content and higher RNA content than marine species. The elemental composition of a single copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus, and the averages of each taxonomic group were estimated from the composition of major biochemical compounds and compared with the measured elemental content. Almost all of the measured carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were accounted for. After proteins, nucleic acids were the second most abundant compound in the N pool of freshwater species, while free amino acids were the second most prevalent compound in marine species. Phospholipids were the most abundant compound in the P pool of marine species, while in freshwater species nucleic acids were the most abundant compound.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biochemical Differences Between Freshwater and Marine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking biochemical and elemental composition in freshwater and marine crustacean zooplankton

Ventura¹

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The elution gradient used during HPLC analysis of the DFAAs did not allow for the separation of glycine and threonine. However, given that (1) oceanic concentrations of threonine are typically much lower than those for glycine (Gardner & Paffenhofer 1982, Ittekkot et al 1984a and (2) threonine is not stored by zooplankton as an osmolyte (Jeffries & Alzara 1970), the co-eluted glycine/threonine was likely comprised primarily of glycine.…”

Section: Role Of Individual Dfaa In Doc and Don Turnover And Net Bactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). Except for tyrosine and threonine, these amino acids are important zooplankton osmolytes (Jeffries & Alzara 1970), which likely accounts for their elevated concentrations in the DOM PD compared to the other amino acids. The elution gradient used during HPLC analysis of the DFAAs did not allow for the separation of glycine and threonine.…”

Section: Role Of Individual Dfaa In Doc and Don Turnover And Net Bactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial utilization of transient plankton-derived dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen inputs in surface ocean waters

Cherrier¹,

Bauer²

2004

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The majority of bacterial growth and respiration in the upper ocean is thought to result from coupling between microheterotrophic populations and the reactive soluble components of planktonic primary and secondary production. However, we know little about the potential turnover of these components and the concomitant growth of bacteria under conditions of intermittent or transient inputs of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) compared to quasi-steady state, low DOM conditions. The present study evaluated the short-term (~3 d) rates and net extents of utilization (as measured losses) of selected constituents of plankton-derived DOM (DOM PD ) by indigenous bacterioplankton populations in eastern North Pacific surface waters, and assessed bacterial growth efficiencies (BGE) during temporarily non-limiting DOM conditions. Approximately 28% of the starting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and 34% of the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in incubations supplemented with DOM PD could be characterized as dissolved free and combined amino acids (DFAA and DCAA, respectively) and monosaccharides (MCHO). Up to 31% of the added DOC and 26% of the added DON was utilized in +DOM PD incubations; however, BGE under supplemented conditions (~4 to 5%) was similar to estimates for ambient oligotrophic waters. Of the net DOC consumed, 75% was accounted for by DFAA (which alone was 61% of the total), DCAA, and MCHO, while the remaining non-characterizable 25% may represent an inherent or rapidly formed component of lower reactivity. In contrast to DOC, net DON utilization was supported entirely by DFAA and DCAA, with DFAA alone accounting for the vast majority (up to 99%). Together, DCAA and MCHO accounted for only ~13% of the DOC consumed and ≤~5% of the DON (i.e. as DCAA) utilized. These findings are consistent with bacterial growth in the open ocean being controlled predominantly by inputs of a small fraction of bulk DOM, and further suggest that bacteria may function primarily as remineralizers even during transient periods where labile DOC and DON is relatively available.

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“…for Dapknia magraw, while the FAA pool of the copepod Diapto~aaus sp. contained 80.9 nmol/mg (Jeffries and Alzara 1970). van Marrewyjk and Wavestein (1974) observed total FAA concentrations of 545.7 and 330.2 nmol/mg in crayfish abdominal muscle and heptopancreas, respective1 y .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Free Amino Acid Pools of Five Species of Freshwater Oligochaetes

Graney¹,

Keilty²,

Giesy³

1986

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Graney, R. L., T. I. Keilty, and). P. Giesy. 1986. Free amino acid pools of five species of freshwater oligochaetes.Can. j. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43: 680-607.The concentrations of free amino acids (FAA) were measured in five species of freshwater Oligochaeta (LEmnodrilus hsffmeisteri, Tubifex tuhifc~x, Potanaothrix rraoldavieniis, Poeamothrix vejdovskyi, and Stylodrilur heringianus) collected from southeastern Lake Michigan. Alanine represented between 23.1 and 41.8% of the total FAA pool and was the most abundant amino acid in all species. Leucine, valine, and glutamic acid were, respectively, the next most abundant and had similar relative concentrations in all species except T. tubifex. In T. tubifex, glutarnic acid, asparagine, and aspartate were the second, third, and fourth most abundant FAA, respectively. Relative to other freshwater invertebrates, the total FAA pool of Lake Michigan oligochaetes was small. Differences in innate physiological and/or hiochemicsl processes, dietary intake, and reproductive status may have contributed to the quantitative and qualitative differences observed among species. identification of individual oligochaetes to species was accomplished by multivariate statistical analysis of the FAA profiles. A potential exists for the application of this tec&inique for identifying insmature oligochaetes. On a mesure la concentration d'acides amines libres (AAL) chez cinq espPces dfo8igoch&tes vivant en eaux douces (bimnodrilus hcaffmeiseeri, Tcrbidex tubifex, kotamothrix moldaviensis, Pstarnothrix vejdovskyi et 5tyiodrilus keringianus) recueillies dans le secteur sud-est du lac Michigan. L'alanine representait de 23,l 2 41,8 % de tous les AAL et &it I'acide amin6 qu'on retrouvait en plus grande quantite chez toeotes les espPces. Suivaient, par ordre d'importance, la leucine, la valine et I'acide glutamique dont Bes concentrations relatives etaient sinsilaires chez toutes les especes, A Ifexception de T. tubifex. Chem T. tubifex, I'acide glutamique, I'asparagine et Ifaspartate etaient respectivement les deuxigme, troisiemme et quatrierne AAL par ordre d'absndance. Par rapport 3 d'autres invert6bres d'eaux dsuces, le nombre total dfAAL des oligochPtes du lac Michigan etait faible. Les differences rensarquees dans les processus bischimiques et physiologiques inn&, la ration alinsentaire et la situation sur B e plan de la reproduction pourraient avoir contribue aux differences qeoantitatives et qualitatives observkes entre les esp8ces. On a determine B'espece A laquelle appartenait chacun des oligochPtes en se servant de I'analyse statistique 21 plusieurs variables des profils dfAAL. II est possible d'appliquer cette technique pour identifier des oligochPtes imrnatures.

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Dominance-diversity relationships of the free amino acids in coastal zooplankton

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Linking biochemical and elemental composition in freshwater and marine crustacean zooplankton

Linking biochemical and elemental composition in freshwater and marine crustacean zooplankton

Bacterial utilization of transient plankton-derived dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen inputs in surface ocean waters

Free Amino Acid Pools of Five Species of Freshwater Oligochaetes

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