Dominance and feeding success in female Japanese macaques,Macaca fuscata: effects of food patch size and inter-patch distance

Saito, Chiemi

doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0100

Cited by 123 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…Most studies of species with strong female hierarchies show the expected positive relationships between female rank and food intake (e.g. vervet: Whitten 1983; Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata : Mori 1979;Saito 1997;baboons: Barton and Whiten 1993) or reproductive success (reviewed in Harcourt 1987Harcourt , 1989Silk 1993), and many show positive group size e ects on energy expenditure (e.g., long-tailed macaque: ; brown capuchin, Cebus apella: Janson 1988; reviewed in Janson and Goldsmith 1995) and negative e ects on reproductive rate (reviewed in .…”

Section: Competitive Regime Behavior and Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a comparison of sympatric, but distantly related, species, Sterck (1995) showed that a DE species (Thomas langur) used patches that were more abundant than, but equally as large as, those of an RN species (long-tailed macaque). In a study of one group of a RN species (Japanese macaques), Saito (1997) compared feeding e ciency and associated agonistic behavior in patches that varied in size, dispersion, and quality. He found that WGC e ects were strongest (and the advantages of high rank most apparent) when the monkeys fed in rich but small patches that were far apart.…”

Section: Ecological Conditions: Diet and Food Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates

Sterck

Watts

Schaik

1997

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

1,076

937

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Considerable interspeci®c variation in female social relationships occurs in gregarious primates, particularly with regard to agonism and cooperation between females and to the quality of female relationships with males. This variation exists alongside variation in female philopatry and dispersal. Socioecological theories have tried to explain variation in female-female social relationships from an evolutionary perspective focused on ecological factors, notably predation and food distribution. According to the current``ecological model'', predation risk forces females of most diurnal primate species to live in groups; the strength of the contest component of competition for resources within and between groups then largely determines social relationships between females. Social relationships among gregarious females are here characterized as Dispersal-Egalitarian, Resident-Nepotistic, Resident-Nepotistic-Tolerant, or Resident-Egalitarian. This ecological model has successfully explained di erences in the occurrence of formal submission signals, decided dominance relationships, coalitions and female philopatry. Group size and female rank generally a ect female reproduction success as the model predicts, and studies of closely related species in di erent ecological circumstances underscore the importance of the model. Some cases, however, can only be explained when we extend the model to incorporate the e ects of infanticide risk and habitat saturation. We review evidence in support of the ecological model and test the power of alternative models that invoke between-group competition, forced female philopatry, demographic female recruitment, male interventions into female aggression, and male harassment. Not one of these models can replace the ecological model, which already encompasses the between-group competition. Currently the best model, which explains several phenomena that the ecological model does not, is a``socioecological model'' based on the combined importance of ecological factors, habitat saturation and infanticide avoidance. We note some points of similarity and divergence with other mammalian taxa; these remain to be explored in detail.

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Section: Competitive Regime Behavior and Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecological Conditions: Diet and Food Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates

Sterck

Watts

Schaik

1997

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

1,076

937

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“…High rank thus gives priority to resources and a higher 642 feeding success (Saito, 1996). High-to middle-ranking primates have a slight lifetime 643 reproductive advantage over low-ranking animals (Ellis, 1995).…”

Section: Effect Of Social Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than numbers matter: The effect of social factors on behaviour and welfare of laboratory rodents and non-human primates

Olsson

Westlund

2007

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

132

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With the development of laboratory animal science, increasing attention has been given 14 to the possible influence of housing and husbandry on the behaviour and welfare of 15 laboratory animals as well as on the scientific integrity. With the present paper, we aim 16 to contribute to this knowledge by reviewing existing literature on how social factors 17 influence laboratory rodents and non-human primates. We use social ecology in the 18 wild as a starting point to understand experimental studies of these social species. 19Laboratory studies show that preweaning social experiences, and lack thereof, affect the 20 development of social skills and capacity to cope with stressful situations in both 21 primates and rodents. Studies of deprivation, of preference and of demand indicate that 22 both rodents and primates are highly motivated to interact with conspecifics. When 23 housed alone, rodents and primates typically show a more 'anxious' reaction in 24 behaviour tests, and are more profoundly affected by certain stressors, although there 25 seem to be some differences in how rodent males and females react to different social 26 situations. However, for social housing to be beneficial for the animals, compatible and 27 stable groups are crucial. When forming groups of monkeys in captivity, the age and 28 sex of individuals and their relative age difference, the taxonomic membership of the 29 animals as well as the introductory technique are factors of importance for success. 30Kinship is also of importance for the compatibility of both rodent and primate groups. 31Published in Applied Animal Behaviour Science 103, 229-254, 2007 Final manuscript version 2 Social instability through changes of group composition is apparently stressful, resulting 32 in behavioural and physiological alterations in both rodents and primates. The effects of 33 social conditions around testing have been given much less attention, but several studies 34show that animals react differently in behaviour tests when tested in group than when 35 tested individually. Altogether, the most commonly used laboratory rodents and 36 primates belong to social species, and their behaviour and welfare are strongly affected 37 by previous and present social environment. Factors such as group composition and 38 stability, rank and previous social experience therefore need to be taken into account 39 both when designing housing systems and when planning experiments and interpreting 40 results. 41 42

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“…Foods are more likely to be worth ®ghting over if they cannot be quickly depleted at a given individual feeding site (Post et al 1980;Shopland 1987). It is often presumed that clumped resources are more readily monopolizable or usurpable than dispersed resources (e.g., Southwick 1967;Chalmers 1968;Robinson 1981;Whitten 1983;Monaghan and Metcalfe 1985;Harcourt 1987;Altmann and Muruthi 1988;Boccia et al 1988;Brennan and Anderson 1988;Saito 1996). However, the variable of interest here is probably not clumpiness of foods per se, which is a spatial measure, but rather the depletion times of individual feeding sites, such as those reported here (see also Shopland 1987), which is a temporal measure.…”

Section: Dierences Between Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in studies of the feeding ecology of arboreal primates, for example, individual trees are often considered as patches (e.g., Leighton and Leighton 1982;Symington 1988;White and Wrangham 1988;Whitten 1988;Strier 1989;Chapman et al 1995). Food distribution has also been estimated separately for each plant species (e.g., Whitten 1983;Saito 1996) or determined by the number of individuals that are able to feed together, with high-density foods that cannot accommodate all group members de®ned as clumped and foods that allow all group members to feed simultaneously de®ned as uniform or more widely dispersed (e.g., Shopland 1987;Barton et al 1996). Foods that are small and widely scattered have also been called dispersed (e.g., Barton 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movements of vervets ( Cercopithecus aethiops ) and patas monkeys ( Erythrocebus patas ) as estimators of food resource size, density, and distribution

Isbell

Pruetz

Young

1998

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

147

109

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The eect of food resources on behavior has been dicult to measure. Here we use animals themselves to describe``eective'' food abundance and distribution by comparing, relative to where individuals stopped to eat, movements of (1) adult females living in a small group of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with those living in a large group and (2) vervets and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). Although females in the large vervet group travelled farther and stopped to eat more often than females in the small vervet group, these dierences resulted from foraging in Acacia drepanolobium habitat. In A. xanthophloea habitat, females in the large group travelled less far, travelled shorter distances between foods, and stopped as often as females in the small group. Greater foraging costs of females in larger vervet groups may be oset by access to home ranges of better quality. Compared to patas, vervets travelled shorter distances, moved shorter distances between food sites, stopped less often, and had longer feeding bouts, suggesting that foods of vervets are denser and larger, overall, than foods of patas. When vervets foraged in A. drepanolobium habitat, also the habitat of patas, their foraging behavior became more like that of patas. Vervets travelled farther, stopped more often, and spent less time at food sites in A. drepanolobium habitat than in A. xanthophloea habitat, suggesting that foods are smaller and less usurpable in A. drepanolobium habitat. Distance between foods, a component of food distribution, did not increase, however. The critical variable underlying usurpability of foods may be food site depletion time, a temporal measure.

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Dominance and feeding success in female Japanese macaques,Macaca fuscata: effects of food patch size and inter-patch distance

Cited by 123 publications

References 0 publications

The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates

The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates

More than numbers matter: The effect of social factors on behaviour and welfare of laboratory rodents and non-human primates

Movements of vervets ( Cercopithecus aethiops ) and patas monkeys ( Erythrocebus patas ) as estimators of food resource size, density, and distribution

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