Domestic Violence: Prevalence among Saudi Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Al-Madina Al Monawara City, 2012

Abstract

Background: Studying the violence act on women lives help us to understand the magnitude of problem and influence us to find a solution to help every woman how suffer in her life from any type of abuse that affect her life and family. Objectives: To determine the frequency of violence act on women lives, list the different types of violence experienced by woman and identify risk factors contributing to the existence of violence among Saudi women attending primary health care centers (PHCCs). Subjects and Methods: All Saudi Arabian women aged 18 to 60 years who are visiting the PHC during the study period. Norway Abuse Questionnaire (NORAQ) questionnaire was used for collection of data from volunteers. Results: A total of 186 Saudi Arabian women were recruited out of 200, the response rate from this study is 93%. The ages of women included in the study between 18 and 60 with a mean of 30.7 (SD 9.6) years (SD 7.65). The prevalence of ever abused among them was 42.5%. The result prevalence rates of emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse in orders were 36%, 25.3% and 5.9%. Risk factors for becoming victim or abusers included younger age, low education, low socio-

Prevalence, Causes and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence in Saudi Arabia: A Scoping Review

“…Therefore, the median prevalences of all forms of IPV were 33.40%, 25.90%, and 9.80%, respectively, and the median result of these numbers is 25.90%. This contradicts some of the prevalence findings that have been previously highlighted (Afifi et al, 2011;Alquaiz et al, 2021;Bohlaiga et al, 2014;Sari et al, 2016;Tashkandi & Rasheed, 2009), indicating the logical prevalence of IPV nationally.…”

“…As the samples were from urban areas and the biggest cities in Saudi Arabia, no studies investigated the experiences of participants from lower socioeconomic classes. Moreover, the lifetime prevalence rate of IPV undoubtedly varies between regions in Saudi Arabia, as was clearly shown by the various studies (Afifi et al, 2011;Alquaiz et al, 2021;Bohlaiga et al, 2014;Sari et al, 2016;Tashkandi & Rasheed, 2009). Some regions, such as Madinah, have recorded a high lifetime prevalence rate of IPV (57.8%) (Tashkandi & Rasheed, 2009).…”

“…Out of 13 studies, five reported the prevalence of more than one type of IPV (physical, emotional, and sexual) during a lifetime and the last year (Afifi et al, 2011; Alquaiz et al, 2021; Bohlaiga et al, 2014; Sari et al, 2016; Tashkandi & Rasheed, 2009). The lifetime prevalence of IPV ranged from 33% to 57.80% and the prevalence during the last year ranged from 11.90% to 20%.…”

“…It was also noted that four studies reported the prevalence of IPV in the Riyadh region (Al-Faris et al, 2013; Alquaiz et al, 2021; Barnawi, 2017; Jradi & Abouabbas, 2017), three studies reported the prevalence of IPV in Makkah region (Alzahrani et al, 2016; Eldoseri et al, 2014; Eldoseri & Sharps, 2020), two studies were conducted in the Eastern region (Afifi et al, 2011; Bohlaiga et al, 2014), and two studies took place in the Madinah region (Sari et al, 2016; Tashkandi & Rasheed, 2009). As the samples were from urban areas and the biggest cities in Saudi Arabia, no studies investigated the experiences of participants from lower socioeconomic classes.…”

“…Data Collection. Some studies used pre-tested, standardized questionnaires including the World Health Organization (WHO) Violence Against Women questionnaire (Afifi et al, 2011;Alquaiz et al, 2021;Alzahrani et al, 2016;Barnawi, 2017;Eldoseri et al, 2014;Jradi & Abouabbas, 2017;Shiraz, 2016) and Composite Abuse Scale (CAS), NorVold, Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (NOVAQ and NORAQ) (Al Dosary, 2016;Sari et al, 2016), the Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) (Zaher & Mason, 2014), the Conflict Tactics Scale, the Lie scale, the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (Tashkandi & Rasheed, 2009), and the Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream (HITS) instrument (Alzahrani et al, 2016). Other instruments used included the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version, (PCL-C), the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CESD) Scale, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and the Chronic Pain Grade (CPG) scale (Alhalal, 2018;Alhalal et al, 2017;Alhalal, Ford-Gilboe et al, 2018).…”