Domestic Violence in a University Emergency Department*

Ernst, Amy A.; Weiss, Steven J.; Nick, Todd G.; CASALLETTO, JENNIFER; Garza, Austin

doi:10.1097/00007611-200093020-00004

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…[18][19][20][21][22] This study confirmed our previous screening in the ED, which found similar numbers of those positive for IPV, 18,23 including ongoing IPV. 12,18,23 For the present study, touch-screen computer entry provided an opportunity to ensure anonymity and to include our large Hispanic population, with the screens available in both English and Spanish. Screening in the ED for domestic abuse is difficult; as a result, other investigators have utilized touch-screen computers for ease and to ensure anonymity to encourage wide participation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence as a Child Does Not Increase the Likelihood of Becoming an Adult Intimate Partner Violence Victim

Ernst¹,

Weiss²,

Castillo³

et al. 2007

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objectives: To determine whether adults who witnessed intimate partner violence (IPV) as children would have an increased rate of being victims of ongoing IPV, as measured by the Ongoing Violence Assessment Tool (OVAT), compared with adult controls who did not witness IPV as children. The authors also sought to determine whether there were differences in demographics in these two groups.Methods: This was a cross sectional cohort study of patients presenting to a high-volume academic emergency department. Emergency department patients presenting from November 16, 2005, to January 5, 2006, during 46 randomized four-hour shifts were included. A confidential computer touch-screen data entry program was used for collecting demographic data, including witnessing IPV as a child and the OVAT. Main outcome measures were witnessing IPV as a child, ongoing IPV, and associated demographics. Assuming a prevalence of IPV of 20% and a clinically significant difference of 20% between adults who witnessed IPV as children and adult controls who did not witness IPV as children, the study was powered at 80%, with 215 subjects included.Results: A total of 280 subjects were entered; 256 had complete data sets. Forty-nine percent of subjects were male, 45% were Hispanic, 72 (28%) were adults who witnessed IPV as children, and 184 (72%) were adult controls who did not witness IPV as children. Sixty-three (23.5%) were positive for ongoing IPV. There was no correlation of adults who witnessed IPV as children with the presence of ongoing IPV, as determined by univariate and bivariate analysis. Twenty-three of 72 (32%) of the adults who witnessed IPV as children, and 39 of 184 (21%) of the adult controls who did not witness IPV as children, were positive for IPV (difference, 11%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = À2% to 23%). Significant correlations with having witnessed IPV as a child included age younger than 40 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.2; 95% CI = 1.7 to 9.1), income less than $20,000/year (OR, 5.1; 95% CI = 1.6 to 12.5), and abuse as a child (OR, 9.1; 95% CI = 4.2 to 19.6). Other demographics were not significantly correlated with having witnessed IPV as a child.Conclusions: Adults who witnessed IPV as children were more likely to have a lower income, be younger, and have been abused as a child, but not more likely to be positive for ongoing IPV, when compared with patients who had not witnessed IPV. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2007; 14:411-418 ª 2007 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineKeywords: intimate partner violence, child witness of intimate partner violence, adult child witness I ntimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as persistent physical abuse by one adult on another, both of whom are involved in an intimate relationship with the other as a spouse or a partner.1 Studies suggest that 8%-12% of all women experience some form of IPV in any given year, and approximately 20%-50% of

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence as a Child Does Not Increase the Likelihood of Becoming an Adult Intimate Partner Violence Victim

Ernst¹,

Weiss²,

Castillo³

et al. 2007

Academic Emergency Medicine

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“…Our finding that a third of female ED patients have experienced IPV in their lifetimes is consistent with the high prevalence of IPV among female patients found in other ED-based studies. 13,14,15,16 Also consistent with previous research are the findings that most women who have experienced IPV visit the ED for noninjury complaints, and that there are few discernable differences between victims and nonvictims. 13,14,15,16 The differences that remained significant, self-reported histories of alcohol and mental health problems and fair or poor self-assessed The results of this study indicate that the ED is a good place to identify and assist IPV survivors, and that all women should be screened for IPV, regardless of their presentation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Research indicates that 5% to 19% of all female ED patients have been physically or sexually abused in the previous year and 33% to 54% report a lifetime history of abuse. 13,14,15,16 Moreover, studies suggest that 2% to 7% of all female ED patients present with acute trauma due to abuse, 17,18,19 and 30% to 41% of the I * This study was supported by a grant to Dr. Moracco (number R49/CCR322636-01-1) from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Among Female Patients at a North Carolina Emergency Department

Roche

Moracco²,

Dixon³

et al. 2007

North Carolina Medical Journal

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Objective: This paper identifies comorbid factors among female emergency department (ED) patients who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV).Methods: 321 adult female patients completed self-administered questionnaires while in an urban North Carolina emergency department. IPV was assessed by questioning whether the patient had ever been afraid of a partner, physically hurt or threatened by a partner, or forced to have sex by a partner.Results: One third of all female patients reported at least one form of IPV in their lifetimes. IPV was associated with a low self-rating of physical and mental health, frequent visits to the ED, and problems with alcohol, drugs, and mental health. In multivariate analysis, only a history of alcohol and mental health problems and a low self-rating of mental health remained significant.Conclusions: The findings illustrate the need for IPV screening protocols that address mental health and substance abuse and also emphasize the importance of screening all women for IPV.

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“…Most agencies call for universal screening to identify abused women seeking health care for other reasons (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1999). For abused women, crucial ports of entry into health care systems are hospital emergency departments, as 20% to 50% of all women treated in emergency departments are also victims of intimate partner violence (Ernst, Weiss, Nick, Castalletto, & Garza, 2000;World Health Organization, 1997). Abused women have voiced distress in at least one study, in which they described barriers against talking about their abusive experiences with health care providers (Gerbert et al, 1996).…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leave-Taking Experiences in the Lives of Abused Women

Davis

2002

Clin Nurs Res

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The World Health Organization identifies domestic violence as a major health crisis confronting women across the globe. The addition of women's voices about their abusive experiences increases understandings of domestic violence. In this phenomenological investigation of the coping strategies of abused women, 17 women provided meaningful insights into how, why, and when they left abusive relationships. Timing, selection of support systems, and intuition add new descriptions about abused women's leave-taking experiences. Implications for nursing practice include the use of helpful questioning and employment of the advocacy role. Based on thefindings of this study, more research is called for that allows abused women to demonstrate the variety of their experiences with the leave-taking process.

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Domestic Violence in a University Emergency Department*

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence as a Child Does Not Increase the Likelihood of Becoming an Adult Intimate Partner Violence Victim

Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence as a Child Does Not Increase the Likelihood of Becoming an Adult Intimate Partner Violence Victim

Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Among Female Patients at a North Carolina Emergency Department

Leave-Taking Experiences in the Lives of Abused Women

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