Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: A Case Series of Male Pediatric Patients

Moore, Jessica L.; Fitzgerald, Meagan; Owens, Timothy J.; Slingsby, Brett; Barron, Christine; Goldberg, Amy

doi:10.1177/0886260519900323

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine a broad set of adolescent and adult health associations with childhood and adolescent CSE exposure using nationally representative data. We found that CSE exposure before or during adolescence was common—1 in 25 young people reported experiencing CSE during adolescence—confirming findings from previous Add Health studies, 1,23 and the prevalence and frequency of adolescent CSE exposure was higher among males than among females. Males face many barriers to identification and access to health care and social services in the community, 3 some of which may have been overcome by the confidential format of the Add Health survey.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Commercial Sexual Exploitation During Adolescence: A US-Based National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

et al. 2022

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Objectives National data on the health of children and adolescents exposed to commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) are lacking, during both adolescence and adulthood. Using nationally representative data, we examined the health of male and female adolescents in grades 7-12 who experienced CSE exposure and subsequent adult health outcomes and access to health care. Methods Our retrospective cohort study used data from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2008) to characterize relationships between CSE exposure before or during adolescence and health during adolescence and adulthood. The analytic sample included 10 918 adult participants aged 24-34 in Wave IV. We performed bivariate analyses, stratified by sex, to quantify the relationship between CSE exposure before or during adolescence and adolescent and adult health outcomes. Results Four percent of participants reported having a CSE exposure before or during adolescence (5% of males, 3% of females). Factors associated with CSE exposure among adolescents included race/ethnicity, parental education level, previous abuse, same-sex romantic attractions, history of ever having run away from home, and substance use. During adolescence, exposure to CSE was associated with worse overall health, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts for both males and females. In adulthood, adolescent CSE exposure was associated with depression among males and functional limitations among females. A higher percentage of males with CSE exposure before or during adolescence, compared with their non–CSE-exposed peers, used the emergency department as their usual source of care during adulthood. Conclusions CSE exposure before or during adolescence was associated with poor adolescent and adult health outcomes and health care access. Observed differences between males and females warrant further exploration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Commercial Sexual Exploitation During Adolescence: A US-Based National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

et al. 2022

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“…Experts focused on the counselor’s ability to assess for risk factors and indicators correlated with a higher incidence of CST. These findings support literature on CST assessment (Clawson et al, 2009; Hardy et al, 2013; Moore et al, 2020; O’Brien et al, 2017; Romero et al, 2021). Experts agreed that the counselor holds the onus of assessment, considering that youth seldom self-identify, and recommended educational and training experiences to effectively assess for CST with any child.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Finally, certain circumstances increase risk. These factors include individual substance use (Cole et al, 2016), family substance use, running away (Clawson et al, 2009), family conflict or abandonment, lower socioeconomic status (Hardy et al, 2013), physical abuse and/or sexual abuse (Cole et al, 2016), homelessness, and involvement with foster care and juvenile systems (Moore et al, 2020).…”

Section: Child Sex Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Child Sex Trafficking Counseling Competencies in the United States: A Delphi Study

Interiano‐Shiverdecker

Romero

Elliott

2022

J Interpers Violence

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Child sex trafficking (CST), the unlawful recruitment of any minor to engage in commercial sexual exploitation through force, fraud, or coercion, is a growing epidemic worldwide. Sex trafficking can have devastating consequences for children, including long-lasting physical and psychological trauma. Counselors working in clinical and school settings have first-hand access to a number of at-risk populations due to the nature of their work. Yet, counselors in the United States report lack of training on CST as a limitation to their ability to identify and effectively work with CST victims. Limited training derives from the absence of competency standards to guide counselors working with CST victims. To address this critical gap, this research study utilized expert consensus to develop an initial list of CST competencies for counselors working in the United States. A heterogeneous sample of 19-CST experts participated in a four-round Delphi process. The expert panel reached a consensus on 128 CST competency statements organized into five domains: (a) intervention strategies and the helping relationship, (b) trauma and sex trafficking, (c) assessment of risk factors and indicators, (d) ethical practice, and (e) cultural diversity and human growth and development. This article assists in identifying standards of practice necessary for counselors to detect, prevent, and assist sex-trafficked youth. Creating an initial list of competency standards can serve as guiding points for clinical practice training curricula, and quality control assessments for counselors, and possibly other mental health professionals, working with CST.

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“…Females were found to be significantly protected against DMST, compared to males, in the multivariable regression results. Given that males are often overlooked or excluded from analyses focused on DMST experiences, these Add Health results are valuable in demonstrating the connections between DMST and community violence for both males and females, as the connection between DMST and community violence were not significantly distinct by biological sex ( Moore et al, 2020 ; Robert & Willis, 2013 ). The protective relationship detected here for females may be due to the way in which the DMST measure was asked in Add Health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Experiences of Violence Victimizations Among Minors Who Exchange Sex/Experience Minor Sex Trafficking

Franchino-Olsen

Martin

Halpern

et al. 2021

J Interpers Violence

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This work investigates the associations between experiences of domestic minor sex trafficking and adolescent interpersonal violence victimizations, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and community violence. Abuse and violence in childhood are commonly proposed as risk factors for domestic minor sex trafficking. However, less is known about how interpersonal violence victimizations in adolescence connect to domestic minor sex trafficking experiences. The poly-victimization framework provides a means to understand domestic minor sex trafficking as a type of violence amid a web of additional interconnected violence victimizations. Efforts to better understand the interpersonal violence experienced by survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking are valuable in contextualizing trafficking experiences for adolescents. Data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a population-based sample of adolescents in the United States ( n = 12,605) were used to examine experiences of domestic minor sex trafficking for minor respondents, as measured through questions about exchanging sex for money or drugs. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations between domestic minor sex trafficking and IPV or community violence, while controlling for demographic variables and adolescent risk behaviors. Minors who experience community violence had significantly greater odds of having exchanged sex (aOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.32 -2.64). However, IPV was not significantly associated with minors’ experiences of sex exchange (aOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.85 -1.54). Alcohol or drug use (aOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.32 -2.65) and having run away (aOR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.53 -2.72) were also significantly associated with minor sex exchange. As experiences of domestic minor sex trafficking were significantly associated with community violence victimizations, prevention and intervention efforts targeting youth at high risk for or survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking should consider how community violence victimizations impact these adolescent populations, and programming/messaging should be adjusted to account for these additional violence victimizations.

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Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: A Case Series of Male Pediatric Patients

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Commercial Sexual Exploitation During Adolescence: A US-Based National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

Commercial Sexual Exploitation During Adolescence: A US-Based National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

Development of Child Sex Trafficking Counseling Competencies in the United States: A Delphi Study

Adolescent Experiences of Violence Victimizations Among Minors Who Exchange Sex/Experience Minor Sex Trafficking

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