Domestic microwave supported green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for electronic, mechano, rheological and frequency intensifying applications

Dielectric Property, AC Conductivity, and Electric Modulus Studies of Pristine and Green‐Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles

“…[ 57 ] The values under 50 Hz recorded at 24 °C for pure ZnO as well as at temperatures above 100 °C for ZnO0 and ZnO10 are significantly very large. [ 5,66 ] In contrast, at steady temperatures and in the lower frequency region, the values are significantly reduced with increase of particle size of the ZnO NPs (e.g., at 50 Hz and 24 °C, for ZnO0 = 1040 and for ZnO10 = 55). The anomalous ( T ) behavior observed for ZnO0 below 100 °C at frequencies smaller than 10 kHz is discussed later in detail.…”

“…For decades, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable interest of the research community in different areas of science and technology due to the fundamental importance as well as huge potentials for application of these materials in devices (e.g., optoelectronic, nanopiezotronics, nanogenerator, nanosensor, laser applications, high dielectric application, solar cells, and photocatalysis). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] ZnO with wide direct bandgap energy (3.1-3.3 eV) and high excitation binding energy (60-100 meV) is a well-known II-VI n-type semiconducting material. [12] It crystallizes in a stable hexagonal wurtzite structure where the Zn and O atoms have highly ionic bonding.…”

“…[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] Though it is now established that the plant extracts meaningfully control the size and energy band of the ZnO NPs, there are only few reports on the dielectric studies of the green-synthesized ZnO NPs. [5,[66][67][68][69][70] Recently, we reported green-synthesized ZnO NPs (17.5-23.3 nm) [71] using Tabernaemontana divaricata flower extract (TFE), where the extract efficiently modifies the structure, optical property, and defect levels of the NPs. For these ZnO NPs, with increase in the TFE content, the average size of the particles increased whereas the microstrain decreased.…”

“…Besides these, green synthesis technique [ 14 ] has drawn much interest in the contemporary research of synthesis of NPs and is becoming increasingly important focus in materials’ research in the age of environment‐friendly development. Green synthesis of wurtzite type ZnO NPs using extract of plant parts like leaf, flower, fruit, and root has been reported in many studies where the particle size is significantly varied based on the nature of the plant extract used, such as, Phyllanthus acidus (5.2 nm), [ 5 ] Acanthus sennii (19–24 nm), [ 15 ] Centella asiatica (11 nm), [ 16 ] Plumeria (27 nm), [ 17 ] Cassia auriculatacan (24–30 nm), [ 18 ] Raphanus sativus var. Longipinnatus (66 nm), [ 19 ] Olea europaea (40–124 nm), [ 20 ] Deverra tortuosa (9–31 nm), [ 21 ] Mangifera indica (23 ± 9 nm), [ 22 ] Annona muricata (17 ± 4 nm), [ 22 ] Laurus nobilis L. (21, 25 nm), [ 23 ] Phoenix Dactylifera.…”

“…[ 58–65 ] Though it is now established that the plant extracts meaningfully control the size and energy band of the ZnO NPs, there are only few reports on the dielectric studies of the green‐synthesized ZnO NPs. [ 5,66–70 ]…”