Domestic magnetic field exposures in Avon

Preece, AW; Grainger, Percy Aldridge; Golding, Jean; Kaune, William T.

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/41/1/006

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The distribution is strikingly close to log normal, with a geometric mean of 0.032 µT, and a retransformed standard deviation of 0.031 µT. The mean phase I exposure level falls between the geometric mean levels of 0.029 and 0.037 µT, published previously for UK homes (Merchant et al, 1994a(Merchant et al, , 1994bPreece et al, 1996;Swanson and Kaune, 1999). The residential and school components of the total exposure have a similar distribution.…”

Section: Phase I Measurementssupporting

confidence: 72%

The United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study: objectives, materials and methods

Doll

Roman

Day³

et al. 2000

Br J Cancer

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryAn investigation into the possible causes of childhood cancer has been carried out throughout England, Scotland and Wales over the period [1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998]. All children known to be suffering from one or other type of the disease over periods of 4-5 years have been included, and control children matched for sex, age and area of residence have been selected at random from population registers. Information about both groups of children (with and without cancer) has been obtained from parental questionnaires, general practitioners' and hospital records, and from measurement of the extent of exposure to radon gas, terrestrial gamma radiation, and electric and magnetic fields. Samples of blood have also been obtained from the affected children and their parents and stored. Altogether 3838 children with cancer, including 1736 with leukaemia, and 7629 unaffected children have been studied. Detailed accounts are given of the nature of the information obtained in sections describing the general methodology of the study, the measurement of exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, the classification of solid tumours and leukaemias, and the biological material available for genetic analysis.

show abstract

Section: Phase I Measurementssupporting

confidence: 72%

The United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study: objectives, materials and methods

Doll

Roman

Day³

et al. 2000

Br J Cancer

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…power transmission lines, Wertheimer et al, 1979;Savitz et al, 1988;Preston-Martin et al, 1996;Michaelis et al, 1997b). For the majority of people, however, indoor sources account for most of the exposure (Preece et al, 1996;Schu¨z et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of lifetime accumulated ELF-EMF exposure from household appliances in the context of a retrospective epidemiological case–control study

Behrens

Terschüren

Kaune³

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Europe household appliances are a major source of indoor 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. A number of epidemiological studies have reported associations between leukemia risk and personal use of household appliances. In the ''Norddeutsche Leuka¨mie und Lymphomstudie'' (NLL), which was conducted in Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony) between 1997 and 2001, lifetime use of a preselected array of electric appliances (microwave ovens, hair-dryers, motorized electrical alarm clocks (i.e. that use a motor to move their hands or digits), electric blankets and pillows, heated waterbeds, computers with conventional screens, TVs, and electric sewing machines) was recorded in a standardized, personal, computerized interview. Exposure was assessed on three different levels of precision: ever use, cumulative appliance-years, and average time of daily use. Additional questions referred to exposure modifying factors, including distance from screen while watching TV, position of an alarm clock at the bed etc.). Exposure to ELF-EMF from household appliances was quantified as ever vs. never use, gross and net appliance-years of lifetime use and cumulative mT-hours. Flux densities were based on measurements of appliances from the published literature. These were used as weighting factors to account for the different device-specific contributions to overall ELF-EMF exposure. Resulting distributions (as quartiles) for exposure scores revealed systematic differences for different levels of precision. Our analysis indicates that valid assessment of ELF-EMF exposure from household appliances should be based on the highest possible degree of precision and hence provides a considerable challenge in analytic epidemiology.

show abstract

“…For instance, Preece et al [1996] surveyed a sample from a cohort of mothers with surviving children and found no one-bedroom homes and 24% four-bedroom homes. This finding represents a bias toward large homes compared with the national housing stock.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Results Of Measurements Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silva et al [1989] reported 5-15%; Kaune et al [1987] reported an upper boundary of 24%; Zaffanella [1993] reported 10% or less in 90% of measurements in a subset of the sample; and Preece et al [1996] reported 15% in kitchens. In principle, the result of a field measurement will depend on whether the meter used is sensitive to harmonics or not.…”

Section: Harmonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%