Domestic cattle as a non-conventional amplifying host of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus

Abstract

The role of vertebrates as amplifying and maintenance hosts for vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) remains unclear. Livestock have been considered dead-end hosts because detectable viraemia is absent in VSNJV-infected animals. This study demonstrated two situations in which cattle can represent a source of VSNJV to Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Diptera: Simuliidae) by serving: (a) as a substrate for horizontal transmission among co-feeding black flies, and (b) as a source of infection to uninfected black flies feeding on sites where VSNJV-infected black flies have previously fed. Observed co-feeding transmission rates ranged from 0% to 67%. Uninfected flies physically separated from infected flies by a distance of up to 11 cm were able to acquire virus during feeding although the rate of transmission decreased as the distance between infected and uninfected flies increased. Acquisition of VSNJV by uninfected flies feeding on initial inoculation sites at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-infection, in both the presence and absence of vesicular lesions, was detected.

Host predilection and transmissibility of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus strains in domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and swine (Sus scrofa)

“…An in depth discussion of VSNJV ecology in livestock populations has been previously described [24]. Results of the current study and the impacts on VSNJV ecology are included here.…”

Identification of semiochemicals attractive toSimulium vittatum(IS‐7)

“…Blackflies are also vectors of a variety of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance and thus have further economic impact. For example, vesicular stomatitis, a viral disease that affects various ungulate species, may be vectored by Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Cupp et al ., ; Smith et al ., ). The 1995 vesicular stomatitis outbreak caused losses amounting to US$50–100 m to the cattle industry of the U.S.A. (Bridges et al ., ), and outbreaks continue to occur in many states at intervals of 2–10 years (Rodríguez, ).…”

Epidemiological characterization of vesicularstomatitis in Mexico (1981-2012)

“…The VE clinically affects bovine, swine and horses, however, there are subclinical infections detected by serology in a wide range of animal species (2,21) . In humans, it is considered one minor zoonosis (22) and is not recognized in its carrier state (23,24) . The virus existen infecciones subclínicas que se detectan por serología en una amplia gama de especies animales (2,21) .…”

“…The virus existen infecciones subclínicas que se detectan por serología en una amplia gama de especies animales (2,21) . En humanos, es considerada una zoonosis menor (22) y no se reconoce que exista el estado de portador (23,24) . El virus se transmite por vía transcutánea o transmucosa (17) , y los animales afectados clínicamente presentan vesículas en labios, lengua, encías, narinas, pezones, banda coronaria y espacio interdigital de las pezuñas, pudiendo afectar al 90 % de los animales expuestos (25) .…”