“…Research throughout the world has revealed that both advantages and challenges are experienced during Ph.D. returnees’ entry into the DAJM. In comparison to their domestic counterparts, Ph.D. graduates are regarded as national treasures (Chen, 2005 ), enjoy higher academic status (Jung, 2018 ; Rizvi, 2000 ), and are more likely to be promoted to leadership roles (Chen, 2017 ). Such advantages are accumulated through overseas learning and life experience in relation to transnational human capital such as knowledge and ability (Gerhards et al, 2017 ), transnational cultural capital, for example, overseas degrees (Kim, 2016 ), and transnational social capital, including international social networks (Woolley et al, 2008 ).…”