Domain wall nucleation and propagation in spin-transfer torque switching with thermal effects

Field-free spin-orbit torque switching of a perpendicular ferromagnet with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

“…We performed micromagnetic simulations at T ¼ 100 K, 200 K, and 300 K. The temperature effect is included by adding a Langevin random field into the effective field in LLGS equation. 45 For each temperature, we performed 100 simulations in order to get the switching probabilities for fixed parameter combinations (D ¼ 0.5 mJ/m 2 , Je ¼ 1.0 Â 10 12 A/m 2 , and t p ¼ 2 ns). The switching probability is found to be 100%, 92%, and 83% at temperatures of 100 K, 200 K, and 300 K, respectively.…”