Dolomitization of a Miocene-Pliocene progradational carbonate platform by mesohaline brines: Re-examination of the reflux model on Bonaire Island

Laya, Juan Carlos; Teoh, Chia Pei; Whitaker, Fiona F; Manche, Cameron J.; Kaczmarek, Stephen E.; Tucker, Maurice E.; Gabellone, Tatyana; Hasiuk, Franciszek

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104895

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The partially corroded rhombs display no intracrystalline Na + K. The samples, however, contain punctual matrix accumulations of these cations. This latter feature might (or might not; Laya, et al ., 2021) be consistent with a downward hypersaline flux interpreted by Lucia & Major (1994).…”

Section: Detecting Biogeochemical Signatures Of Mixing‐zone Dolomitessupporting

confidence: 85%

Biogeochemical reappraisal of the freshwater–seawater mixing‐zone diagenetic model

et al. 2021

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First proposed nearly half a century ago, the mixing-zone model of dolomitization enjoyed a brief stay in the limelight before falling out of favour. Despite extended past criticism, arguments that build on its current validity are presented and discussed. The coastal mixing zone can be seen as an aquifer system exhibiting marked physicochemical gradients, reflective of the admixture of low salinity freshwater and seawater sources with variable redox potentials. This perspective requires a more holistic look at the mixing zone, not only as a gradient of major element concentrations, but also as the locus of enhanced subsurface redox sensitive reactions that occur at the pore-space scale within a moveable diagenetic front. Combined genomic and isotopic data indicate that an active subsurface biosphere thrives in the mixing zone. This could facilitate Mg 2+ dehydration, generate alkalinity, consume protons and mobilize potentially catalyzing ions (i.e. Mn and Zn), which are all low temperature factors thought to promote dolomite formation from soluble precursors. In the updated model, the advective mix of fluids with contrasting composition modulate a range of biogeochemically induced mineral dissolution and reprecipitation reactions. Biotic and abiotic interactions between these fluids affect carbonate equilibrium and result in dissolution of soluble aragonitic and calcitic phases, while dolomite precipitates (as cement) and neomorphic replacement. The secondary dolomite often exhibits compositional heterogeneity and contentious δ 18 O signatures indicative of re-equilibration. The role of manganese, zinc, intermediate sulphur species and ammonia are far from being fully understood, nor is their fingerprint in ancient deposits. Application of in situ spectroscopic imaging techniques, clumped and metal isotope analyses, as well as a more extended use of traditional approaches, such as sulphur isotopes, are poised to open many opportunities to further explore the biogeochemistry of this diagenetic environment and how it relates to platform dolomitization.

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Section: Detecting Biogeochemical Signatures Of Mixing‐zone Dolomitessupporting

confidence: 85%

Biogeochemical reappraisal of the freshwater–seawater mixing‐zone diagenetic model

et al. 2021

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“…While the literature is rife with examples describing dolomites in evaporative settings, it has been pointed out that few studies provide convincing petrographic evidence showing: (i) gypsum in association with dolomite; or (ii) that gypsum and dolomite are coeval (Ryan et al ., 2020). In cases where gypsum is noted to be absent, some studies have proposed that the dolomitizing fluids, although concentrated by evaporation, were not supersaturated with respect to gypsum (Laya et al ., 2021). This would suggest that it is unlikely that the dolomitizing fluids were characterized by an Mg/Ca ratio higher than that of normal seawater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that Mg incorporation appears to be strongly dependent on environmental factors, stoichiometry may be useful for providing insights into the dolomite problem. Numerous authors have presented evidence that suggests dolomite stoichiometry records physiochemical variations in the dolomitizing fluids (Folk & Land, 1975; Sass & Bein, 1988; Kaczmarek & Sibley, 2011; Ren & Jones, 2017; Manche & Kaczmarek, 2019; Laya et al ., 2021), rendering stoichiometry as a useful proxy to discern mechanisms and test models of dolomitization. Furthermore, stoichiometry has been shown to correlate with trace element content in dolomite (Dawans & Swart, 1988; Vahrenkamp & Swart, 1990; Malone et al ., 1996; Hashim et al ., 2022), suggesting that understanding the controls on stoichiometry is important if dolomite is to be utilized as an archive of Earth's surface conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sodium and potassium concentrations on dolomite formation rate, stoichiometry and crystallographic characteristics

et al. 2023

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This study uses high temperature (215°C) dolomitization experiments to explore the effects of sodium (Na) and potassium (K), two common constituents of natural fluids, on dolomite formation rate, stoichiometry and crystallographic characteristics. In these experiments, aragonite ooids were dolomitized in Mg–Ca–Cl solutions with either no additional salt, or in solutions containing NaCl or KCl at different concentrations. Results show that Na solutions, and to a lesser extent K solutions, correlate with faster reaction rates and that Na at hypersaline fluid concentrations produces dolomites with higher stoichiometry, higher micro‐strain and lower cation ordering. Potassium has a different effect on the dolomite than Na at similar concentrations. Unlike Na, K does not cause micro‐strain but leads to dolomite with smaller unit cell parameters. It is proposed that Na and K catalyse dolomite precipitation and increase stoichiometry by weakening Mg hydration bonds which consequently facilitates Mg incorporation into dolomite. The decrease in dolomite cation ordering at higher Na concentrations may stem from the incorporation of Na into dolomite which strains the crystal lattice and reduces cation order. On the basis that high‐temperature experiments are applicable to natural dolomites, several implications pertinent to natural dolomites are drawn from the results. Firstly, the data suggest that the higher concentrations of Na and K in evaporative fluids (i.e. higher salinity) can explain why dolomite is generally more abundant and more stoichiometric in evaporative settings. Secondly, the results challenge a key prediction of the mixing zone dolomitization model by showing that higher Na and K concentrations increase, rather than decrease, both dolomitization rate and stoichiometry. Thirdly, the observed decrease in dolomite cation ordering with increasing Na and K concentrations implies that evaporative fluids would produce less stable dolomite that may be more prone to subsequent recrystallization and thus resetting of primary geochemical signatures.

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“…Dolomite is commonly porous and, hence, is a major target in petroleum exploration in the carbonate rock field [18]. However, the origin of it remains the subject of considerable debate [19]. There are many thermodynamic, kinetic, and hydrological models (i.e., dolomitization model) that have been offered to explain the formation of dolomite, such as evaporation dolomitization, seepage-reflux dolomitization, mixing-zone dolomitization, burial dolomitization, seawater dolomitization, etc., [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most commonly invoked models is seepage-reflux dolomitization [20][21][22][23]. Conceptually, dolomitization by hypersaline reflux proceeds when the evaporation of seawater produces a dense brine, which promotes fluid flow by a density difference [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paragenesis and Formation Mechanism of the Dolomite-Mottled Limestone Reservoir of Ordovician Ma4 Member, Ordos Basin

Yang,

Wang,

Fan

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Despite the discovery of high-producing natural gas reservoirs in the low-permeability dolomite-mottled limestone (DML) reservoir of the fourth Member (Ma4) of the Majiagou Formation in the Ordos Basin, the current understanding of the processes responsible for reservoir formation are still superficial, which extremely restricts the effectiveness of deep petroleum exploration and development in the basin. Therefore, this study analyzed the paragenesis process of the DML reservoir through systematic petrographic and geochemical measurements. The DML consists of burrows and matrix. The burrows are mainly filled with dolomite with a small amount of micrite, calcite cement, and solid bitumen. The matrix mainly consists of wakestone or mudstone. The DML has experienced multiple diagenetic events, including seepage-reflux dolomitization, compaction, calcite cement CaI cementation, micrite recrystallization, dissolution, hydrocarbon charging, calcite cement CaII cementation, and dolomite progressive recrystallization. Dolomitization is critical to the DML reservoir formation. The pore created by dolomitization is the hydrocarbon-migrated pathway and storage space. Due to the difference in Mg2+-rich fluid supply, the degree of dolomitization decreases from west to east, which causes the difference in diagenetic evolution of the western and eastern parts of the study area. The high dolomitization degree led to strong anti-compaction ability in the west, contrary to the east. Thus, the reservoir quality of the west is better than the east.

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Dolomitization of a Miocene-Pliocene progradational carbonate platform by mesohaline brines: Re-examination of the reflux model on Bonaire Island

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Biogeochemical reappraisal of the freshwater–seawater mixing‐zone diagenetic model

Biogeochemical reappraisal of the freshwater–seawater mixing‐zone diagenetic model

Effects of sodium and potassium concentrations on dolomite formation rate, stoichiometry and crystallographic characteristics

Paragenesis and Formation Mechanism of the Dolomite-Mottled Limestone Reservoir of Ordovician Ma4 Member, Ordos Basin

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