Dolomitic slates from Uruguay: petrophysical and petromechanical characterization and deposit evaluation

Demarco, Manuela Morales; Oyhantçabal, Pedro; Stein, Karl-Jochen; Siegesmund, Siegfried

doi:10.1007/s12665-012-1921-7

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Other authors cited such norm calculations together with results of other analyses and found good matches [9]. The results of more than 20 years of application of "slatenorm" [6,9,10,[12][13][14][15] have shown that the inclusion of additional ore minerals, color-giving minerals, and hydro-micas (especially illite) in the new slatecalculation is reasonable.…”

Section: Therein)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The geological information of the slate samples analyzed in this paper (also based on[4,6,9,12,14,15,18,24]. Cont.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method could also provide information (in addition to the Kübler Index or the organic matter reflectance [26,27]) about the degree of metamorphism with the calculated hydro-mica (e.g., illite-) content. S1a to S1h, chemical full analysis, (taken from [6,9,12,13,15,18,20,22,23] with added information and own analyses), Italic s = estimated values; Ø 5 = average of five single analyses. Tables S2a to S2h, results of slatecalculation norm calculations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Slatecalculation—A Practical Tool for Deriving Norm Minerals in the Lowest-Grade Metamorphic Pelites and Roof Slates

et al. 2020

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Roof and wall slates are fine-grained rocks with slaty cleavage, and it is often difficult to determine their mineral composition. A new norm mineral calculation called slatecalculation allows the determination of a virtual mineral composition based on full chemical analysis, including the amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon (C), and sulfur (S). Derived norm minerals include feldspars, carbonates, micas, hydro-micas, chlorites, ore-minerals, and quartz. The mineral components of the slate are assessed with superior accuracy compared to the petrographic analysis based on the European Standard EN 12326. The inevitable methodical inaccuracies in the calculations are limited and transparent. In the present paper, slates, shales, and phyllites from worldwide occurrences were examined. This also gives an overview of the rocks used for discontinuous roofing and external cladding.

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Section: Therein)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The geological information of the slate samples analyzed in this paper (also based on[4,6,9,12,14,15,18,24]. Cont.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Slatecalculation—A Practical Tool for Deriving Norm Minerals in the Lowest-Grade Metamorphic Pelites and Roof Slates

et al. 2020

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“…Iron sulphides such as pyrite and pyrrhotite, as well as the carbonates can be the most damaging group of minerals in terms of the integrity of any slate [72,73]. For example, a slate containing coarse-grained pyrite as inclusions, is not very stable against temperature changes, due to the difference in thermal expansion among the rock constituents [74]. Iron sulphide oxidation also produces red staining that affects the tile surface and the other tiles below.…”

Section: Slatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geological Perspective on Climate Change and Building Stone Deterioration in London: Implications for Urban Stone-Built Heritage Research and Management

2020

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The decay rates of building stones and, the processes leading to their deterioration is governed by intrinsic properties such as texture, mineralogy, porosity and pore size distribution, along with other extrinsic factors related to the climate and anthropogenic activities. For urban cities such as London, the influence of extrinsic factors like temperature and rainfall, as well as the concentrations of air pollutants, such as sulphur and nitrogen oxides, along with the emissions of carbonaceous aerosols, can be particularly significant. While considering the long-term preservation of building stones used in various heritage sites in the city, it is imperative to consider how the stone could be affected by the changing air pollutant concentrations, superimposed on the effects of climate change in the region, including rising average annual temperature and precipitation with a hotter, drier summer and, warmer, wetter winter months. This paper deals with the intrinsic rock properties of the common building stones of London, including limestone, marble, granite, sandstone, slate, flint as well as bricks, building on known characteristics including strength and durability that determine how and where they are placed in a building structure. The study reviews how these stones decay due to different processes such as salt weathering in sandstone, microcracking of quartz with kaolinisation of K-feldspar and biotite in granite and dissolution of calcite and dolomite, followed by precipitation of sulphate minerals in the carbonate rocks of limestone and marble. In the urban environment of London, with progressive build up in the concentration of atmospheric nitrogen oxides leading to an increasingly acidic environment and, with predicted climate change, the diverse stone-built heritage will be affected. For example, there can be enhanced carbonate dissolution in limestone with increased annual precipitation. Due to the prolonged wetter winter, any sandstone building stone will also undergo greater damage with a deeper wetting front. On the other hand, due to predicted wetter and warmer winter months, microcracking of any plagioclase in a granite is unlikely, thereby reducing the access of fluid and air pollutants to the Ca-rich core of the zoned crystals limiting the process of sericitisation. Management of the building stones in London should include routine expert visual inspection for signs of deterioration, along with mineralogical and compositional analyses and assessment of any recession rate.

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“…One aspect usually neglected during the analyses of the joint spacing is the distribution of the data, which usually follows a lognormal distribution (Priest 1993;Sousa 2010;Annavarapu et al 2012;Sousa et al 2016;Santos et al 2018;Ferrari et al 2019;Bruzzi et al 2020). Consequently, the mean value is not the best measure of the "average" distance or block volume, being preferable a more realistic value as the median value (Sousa 2010;Morales Demarco et al 2013). Using median values, the results of the block size and quarry yield will be more conservative (Morales Demarco et al 2013) and closer to the reality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building stone quarries: resource evaluation by block modelling and unmanned aerial photogrammetric surveys

2021

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The production of building stones shown an exponential growth in last decades as consequences of the demand and developments in the extraction and processing techniques. From the several conditioning factors affecting this industry, the geological constrains at quarry scale stands out as one of most important. Globalization and increasing competition in the building stone market require large raw material blocks to keep further processing as cost-effective as possible. Therefore, the potential extraction volume of in-situ stone blocks plays an important role in the yield of a dimensional stone quarry. The full characterization of the fracturing in the quarries comes up as fundamental in the assessment of the in-situ blocks volume/shape and potential extracted raw blocks. Identify the joint sets present, their spacing and the differences across the quarry demands a continuous assess during the quarry live span. Information from unmanned aerial vehicles helps in the field survey, namely trough digital surface models, orthophotos, and three-dimensional models. Also, the fracturing modelling by specific software programs is crucial to improve the block size assessment and the increase the quarry yield. In this research fracturing of twenty-one quarries of granite, limestone, marble, and slate from Portugal were assessed by combining field surveys with new techniques. From the studied quarries several cases were selected and presented to highlight the importance of this combined methodology in the fracturing assessment and how they can be helpful in the maximization of the resources and quarry management.

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Dolomitic slates from Uruguay: petrophysical and petromechanical characterization and deposit evaluation

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Slatecalculation—A Practical Tool for Deriving Norm Minerals in the Lowest-Grade Metamorphic Pelites and Roof Slates

Slatecalculation—A Practical Tool for Deriving Norm Minerals in the Lowest-Grade Metamorphic Pelites and Roof Slates

A Geological Perspective on Climate Change and Building Stone Deterioration in London: Implications for Urban Stone-Built Heritage Research and Management

Building stone quarries: resource evaluation by block modelling and unmanned aerial photogrammetric surveys

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