Dolní Věstonice I (Pavlovian, the Czech Republic) – Results of zooarchaeological studies of the animal remains discovered on the campsite (excavation 1924–52)

Wilczyński, Jarosław; Wojtal, Piotr; Roblíčková, Martina; Oliva, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.05.059

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The European foragers are from the Mid‐Upper Paleolithic site of Dolní Vĕstonice (27,000–25,000 BP). They consumed small to large‐bodied animals and locally available plant foods (e.g., el Zaatari and Hublin 2014; Power, Salazar‐García, & Henry, ; Wilczyński, Wojtal, Robličková, & Oliva, ; Wojtal & Wilczyński, ). The foragers from Asia include groups from Israel and Laos.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental microwear texture analysis ofHomo sapienssapiens: Foragers, farmers, and pastoralists

Schmidt

Remy

Sessen

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives The current study seeks to determine if a sample of foragers, farmers, and pastoralists are distinguishable based on their dental microwear texture signatures. Materials and methods The study included a sample of 719 individuals from 51 archeological sites (450 farmers, 192 foragers, 77 pastoralists). All were over age 12 and sexes were pooled. Using a Sensofar® white‐light confocal profiler we collected dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) data from a single first or second molar from each individual. We leveled and cleaned data clouds following standard procedures and analyzed the data with Sfrax® and Toothfrax® software. The DMTA variables were complexity and anisotropy. Statistics included ANOVA with partial eta squared and Hedges's g. We also performed a follow‐up K‐means cluster analysis. Results We found significant differences between foragers and farmers and pastoralists for complexity and anisotropy, with foragers having greater complexity than either the farmers or the pastoralists. The farmers and pastoralists had greater anisotropy than the foragers. The Old World foragers had significantly higher anisotropy values than New World foragers. Old and New World farmers did not differ. Among the Old World farmers, those dating from the Neolithic through the Late Bronze Age had higher complexity values than those from the Iron Age through the medieval period. The cluster analysis discerned foragers and farmers but also indicated similarity between hard food foragers and hard food farmers. Discussion Our findings reaffirm that DMTA is capable of distinguishing human diets. We found that foragers and farmers, in particular, differ in their microwear signatures across the globe. There are some exceptions, but nothing that would be unexpected given the range of human diets and food preparation techniques. This study indicates that in general DMTA is an efficacious means of paleodietary reconstruction in humans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental microwear texture analysis ofHomo sapienssapiens: Foragers, farmers, and pastoralists

Schmidt

Remy

Sessen

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Not only large canids, but also other carnivores such as foxes, wolverines and bears were eaten. At Dolní Věstonice I, cut marks on the long bones from large canids (2.3% NISP) occur at higher frequencies than at Pavlov I (Wilczyński et al 2015) and Předmostí. It seems that at Dolní Věstonice I, large canids formed a more important component of the diet.…”

Section: Text-mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Large canids were also consumed at three other Gravettian sites in Central Europe: at Pavlov I (Wojtal et al 2012) and Dolní Věstonice I (Wilczyński et al 2015) in the Czech Republic, and at Krems-Wachtberg in Austria (Fladerer 2001). At Pavlov I, cut marks on large canid bones, occurring at a frequency of 0.6% of the NISP, are related to skinning, dismembering and fi lleting (Wojtal et al 2012).…”

Section: Text-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other carnivores such as lions, bears and wolverines were also eaten. However, not many canid long bones were broken, so marrow from large canids was most likely not commonly consumed (Wilczyński et al 2015). At Krems-Wachtberg, 20% of the large canid remains bear cut marks.…”

Section: Text-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency of mammal bones with carnivore gnawing marks is very low in Dolní Věstonice I (Wilczyński et al 2015), Pavlov I (Wojtal et al 2012) and Krems-Wachtberg (Fladerer 2001). At Předmostí, a detailed analysis of all carnivore marked bones from the total mammal assemblage is so far not available.…”

Section: Text-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of canid meat at the Gravettian Předmostí site, the Czech Republic

Germonpré¹,

Lázničková‐Galetová²,

Jimenez³

et al. 2017

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Abstract Předmostí is one of the most famous Gravettian sites in Central Europe. Its fame is based on a unique human assemblage, sadly largely destroyed during the Second World War, a huge mammoth assemblage and a very rich large canid assemblage. It has been shown previously that mammoth played an important role in the subsistence practices of the Gravettian inhabitants of Předmostí. Detailed analyses of the large canid postcranial material were carried out to investigate whether these canid remains can be assigned to different size groups and whether these remains show evidence of being butchered and consumed by humans. Based on defleshing marks and impact traces on the long bones, it is proposed here that large canids were consumed by the Gravettian inhabitants of Předmostí, thus further elucidating the specific human-large canid relationships that existed during the Upper Palaeolithic.

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Reframing Prehistoric Human-Proboscidean Interactions: on the Use and Implications of Ethnohistoric Records for Understanding the Productivity of Hunting Megaherbivores

Lupo

Schmitt

2023

J Archaeol Method Theory

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The role that humans played in the extinction of Pleistocene proboscideans is highly controversial. Ethnohistoric records of elephant hunting, in concert with theoretical rationales, are often used as proxy evidence to support the view that ancient humans regularly and efficiently targeted large-sized proboscideans to the point of extinction. This paper examines the socioeconomic and technological contexts of elephant hunting in contemporary and ethnohistoric records to show how these circumstances influenced the scale of harvest, productivity, and valuation of elephants. Quantitative and qualitative evidence derived from some of these records are used to analyze the efficiency of elephant capture using traditional hunting technologies (spears, poisoned projectiles, traps, and drives). This analytical framework provides a systematic method for evaluating the productivity of proboscidean predation. Results show that prior to the widespread use of firearms in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the acquisition of elephants, irrespective of the traditional hunting technology used, was a dangerous, high-cost activity often associated with a high-risk of hunting failure. In the ethnographic record, elephant hunting is consistently associated with prestige-seeking among egalitarian hunter-gatherers. Although the analysis presented here is derived from hunting episodes that involved modern elephants, the physical characteristics and abilities that make these animals expensive and risky to hunt were likely manifested by most Pleistocene proboscideans. Using ethnographic data, a framework for recognizing how prestige hunting is manifested under different ecological and sociopolitical circumstances is provided and offers an alternative and compelling explanation for zooarchaeological patterning of costly prey in the past.

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Dolní Věstonice I (Pavlovian, the Czech Republic) – Results of zooarchaeological studies of the animal remains discovered on the campsite (excavation 1924–52)

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Dental microwear texture analysis ofHomo sapienssapiens: Foragers, farmers, and pastoralists

Dental microwear texture analysis ofHomo sapienssapiens: Foragers, farmers, and pastoralists

Consumption of canid meat at the Gravettian Předmostí site, the Czech Republic

Reframing Prehistoric Human-Proboscidean Interactions: on the Use and Implications of Ethnohistoric Records for Understanding the Productivity of Hunting Megaherbivores

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