The creation of nations has traditionally been seen as men's business', write the authors of Creating A Nation. 'We wish to challenge this view of history', they state boldly, 'by asserting the agency and creativity of women in the process of national generation'. 1 By declaring this aim of interrogating the frameworks within which national history has been understood and women's role within it, Patricia Grimshaw, Marilyn Lake, Ann McGrath and Marian Quartly were breaking new ground in writing Australian national history.While previous works had questioned the absence of women in the national landscape, this project sought to rewrite the enterprise of national history itself: This book starts from the premise that gender is integral to the processes that comprise the history of Australia -that political and economic as well as social and cultural history are constituted in gendered terms … It explores the appropriation of women's procreative powers by men in their assertion that they gave birth to the nation … It also considers the difficulty encountered by women who attempted to carve a place for non-party women's interests in a political system organised around the conflict between capital and labour, between employers and workers. 2 This approach signified an important departure point from national histories written before or since, because it not only diverged from existing accounts of adding 'women to Australian history', but, more boldly, unsettled received notions of how national histories could be imagined. Women's agency is situated at the centre of a range of contexts and situations. The process of nation building is examined, whether 'giving birth to babies, or in refusing to do so, in sustaining families and multi-cultural communities, creating wealth, shaping a maternalist welfare state or in inscribing the meanings of our experience in culture '. 3