Doing Meta-Analysis with R

Harrer, Mathias; Cuijpers, Pim; Furukawa, Toshi A.; Ebert, David Daniel

doi:10.1201/9781003107347

Cited by 1,032 publications

(1,117 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,110

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The numerical variables considered for the meta-analysis included mean and standard deviations of levels of hemoglobin, absorbed iron, and serum ferritin. The data were then entered into an Excel sheet as per the guidelines ( 12 , 13 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Millets Can Have a Major Impact on Improving Iron Status, Hemoglobin Level, and in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is highest among low and middle-income countries. Millets, including sorghum, are a traditional staple in many of these countries and are known to be rich in iron. However, a wide variation in the iron composition of millets has been reported, which needs to be understood in consonance with its bioavailability and roles in reducing anemia. This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to analyze the scientific evidence on the bioavailability of iron in different types of millets, processing, and the impact of millet-based food on iron status and anemia. The results indicated that iron levels in the millets used to study iron bioavailability (both in vivo and in vitro) and efficacy varied with the type and variety from 2 mg/100 g to 8 mg/100 g. However, not all the efficacy studies indicated the iron levels in the millets. There were 30 research studies, including 22 human interventions and 8 in vitro studies, included in the meta-analysis which all discussed various outcomes such as hemoglobin level, serum ferritin level, and absorbed iron. The studies included finger millet, pearl millet, teff and sorghum, or a mixture of millets. The results of 19 studies conducted on anaemic individuals showed that there was a significant (p < 0.01) increase in hemoglobin levels by 13.2% following regular consumption (21 days to 4.5 years) of millets either as a meal or drink compared with regular diets where there was only 2.7% increase. Seven studies on adolescents showed increases in hemoglobin levels from 10.8 ± 1.4 (moderate anemia) to 12.2 ± 1.5 g/dl (normal). Two studies conducted on humans demonstrated that consumption of a pearl millet-based meal significantly increased the bioavailable iron (p < 0.01), with the percentage of bioavailability being 7.5 ± 1.6, and provided bioavailable iron of 1 ± 0.4 mg. Four studies conducted on humans showed significant increases in ferritin level (p < 0.05) up to 54.7%. Eight in-vitro studies showed that traditional processing methods such as fermentation and germination can improve bioavailable iron significantly (p < 0.01) by 3.4 and 2.2 times and contributed to 143 and 95% of the physiological requirement of women, respectively. Overall, this study showed that millets can reduce iron deficiency anemia.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A meta-analysis was conducted using R Studio 4.0.4 (2021) ( www.rstudio.com ) to obtain a forest plot, heterogeneity, overall test effects in both fixed and random effect models, and funnel plots to determine the publication bias ( 12 , 23 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millets Can Have a Major Impact on Improving Iron Status, Hemoglobin Level, and in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To detect an influential trial, the Cook's distance, a wellestablished influential point detection method, was used (60). A trial may be considered as an influential case if the Cook's distance is >0.45 (17). Supplementary Figure 1 shows the Cook's distance for each measure in the meta-analyses, with the potential influential study highlighted in red.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Acetylcysteine for Cardiac Protection During Coronary Artery Reperfusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Khan

Campbell

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronary artery reperfusion is essential for the management of symptoms in the patients with myocardial ischemia. However, the benefit of reperfusion often comes at an expense of paradoxical injury, which contributes to the adverse events, and sometimes heart failure. Reperfusion is known to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We address whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces the ROS and alleviates reperfusion injury by improving the clinical outcomes. A literature search for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out in the five biomedical databases for testing the effects of NAC in patients undergoing coronary artery reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention, thrombolysis, or coronary artery bypass graft. Of 787 publications reviewed, 28 RCTs were identified, with a summary of 2,174 patients. A meta-analysis using the random effects model indicated that NAC administration during or prior to the reperfusion procedures resulted in a trend toward a reduction in the level of serum cardiac troponin (cTn) [95% CI, standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.80 (−1.75; 0.15), p = 0.088, n = 262 for control, 277 for NAC group], and in the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation [95% CI, relative risk (RR) 0.57 (0.30; 1.06), p = 0.071, n = 484 for control, 490 for NAC group]. The left ventricular ejection fraction or the measures of length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) or in hospital displayed a positive trend that was not statistically significant. Among the nine trials that measured ROS, seven showed a correlation between the reduction of lipid peroxidation and improved clinical outcomes. These lines of evidence support the potential benefit of NAC as an adjuvant therapy for cardiac protection against reperfusion injury.

show abstract

“…The measurements in cTn, CK-MB, LVEF, and LOS were treated as the continuous variables with reported means and SDs, while the incidence of POAF was treated as a dichotomous variable. Instead of applying the fixed effects models, which operate under the assumption that the estimated effects across the studies were pulled from a single population, we employed the random effects models to calculate the pooled effects, as the true effect may derive from a distribution, due to the fact that multiple studies were pulled from the different populations (17). The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used for estimating the variance of the distribution of the true effect (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another potential issue for the meta-analysis is the publication bias due to the trials with a small sample size (17). We checked the small-study effects using the funnel plots, which display the relationship between the SMD of studies against its standard error (61).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Data_Sheet_1.pdf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Doing Meta-Analysis with R

Cited by 1,032 publications

References 0 publications

Millets Can Have a Major Impact on Improving Iron Status, Hemoglobin Level, and in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Millets Can Have a Major Impact on Improving Iron Status, Hemoglobin Level, and in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

N-Acetylcysteine for Cardiac Protection During Coronary Artery Reperfusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Data_Sheet_1.pdf

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About