Doing Away with the No Miracles Argument

Fitzpatrick, Simon

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01306-0_12

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…On Lipton's account, realists should turn to scientists' arguments instead of the NMA for a defense of realism. This insight is endorsed by Peter Achinstein (2002), Patrick Enfield (2008), Sherrilyn Roush (2010), Simon Fitzpatrick (2013), and Park (2017a, p. 99, 2019c. These philosophers would say that antirealists should expose intrinsic flaws with scientists' arguments for current theories instead of looking into the history of science, if they aim to take the antirealist attitude toward current theories.…”

Section: The Counter-induction For Realismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Six New Arguments for Scientific Realism

Park

2021

Embracing Scientific Realism

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I introduce the following six new arguments for realism, all of which radically differ from the no-miracles argument. The optimistic induction over realists holds that since the realists of the early twentieth century were right to believe the theories of their time, their present and future philosophical offspring are also right to believe the theories of their times. The argument from undiscovered evidence holds that because T has been supported by previously undiscovered evidence, it will continue to be supported by hitherto undiscovered evidence. The argument from neighboring theories holds that since T has been reinforced by previously unconceived neighboring theories, it will continue to be reinforced by hitherto unconceived neighboring theories. The counter-induction for realism asserts that since earlier theories were ousted, their present successors will not be ousted. The English argument for realism holds that under the English notion of rationality, it is rational to believe T, although it is also rational not to believe T. These five new arguments for realism entitle us to construct a second-order argument for scientific realism that I call "the grand optimistic induction." It holds that since realism has been supported by the five previously unconceived arguments, it will continue to be supported by hitherto unconceived arguments.

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Section: The Counter-induction For Realismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Six New Arguments for Scientific Realism

Park

2021

Embracing Scientific Realism

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“…In sum, just as the observational claims are more powerful and persuasive than the pessimistic induction against them, so scientists' arguments for successful theories are more powerful and persuasive than selectionists' argument against them. Some philosophers (Lipton, 2001;Fitzpatrick, 2013;Park, 2019b) contend that the nomiracles argument is not necessary for a defense of scientific theories, and that scientists' arguments for scientific theories are necessary for a defense of scientific theories. They would say that antirealists should refute scientists' arguments for scientific theories instead of advancing the selectionist explanation to argue that we cannot justifiably believe scientific theories.…”

Section: My Response To the Selectionist Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The realist and selectionist explanations for the success of science

Park

2022

Synthese

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According to realists, theories are successful because they are true, but according to selectionists, theories are successful because they have gone through a rigorous selection process. Wray claims that the realist and selectionist explanations are rivals to each other. Lee objects that they are instead complementary to each other. In my view, Lee's objection presupposes that the realist explanation is true, and thus it begs the question against selectionists. By contrast, the selectionist explanation invokes a scientific theory, and thus it is not clear whether it is a realist explanation or an antirealist explanation. Finally, the six new arguments for scientific realism in the literature truly complement the no-miracles argument.

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“…O cânone foi empregado para evitar a atribuição de estados mentais aos animais, servindo como "justificativa conveniente" para os psicólogos behavioristas que apresentavam uma "resistência a priori" para aceitar atribuições desse tipo 44 . Sem dúvida, era conveniente para os behavioristas que realizavam experimentos com animaisprocedimentos estes que muitas vezes implicavam em sofrimento para os indivíduos investigadosevitar reconhecer a existência de estados mentais em seus "objetos" de estudo.…”

Section: Críticas Ao Cânoneunclassified

Persistência E Superação Do Cânone De Morgan

Corrêa¹,

David²

2022

INCLU

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Em 1894, o psicólogo Conwy Morgan propôs o princípio metodológico de que nãodevemos interpretar as ações de animais como resultado de faculdades psíquicassuperiores se essas ações puderem ser interpretadas pelo exercício de faculdadesmais abaixo na escala psíquica. Conhecido como “cânone de Morgan”, esseprincípio foi amplamente adotado nos estudos psicológicos dos animais, sobretudono âmbito do behaviorismo, com o intuito de fornecer objetividade e expurgar oantropomorfismo. Neste artigo, investigamos questões relacionadas com o cânone:seus antecedentes, sua influência e sua persistência no meio científico. Entre osantecedentes, destacamos os trabalhos de Darwin e de Romanes. Discutimosalguns trabalhos críticos ao cânone e propostas de metodologias alternativas, comoo resgate do método anedótico e o emprego restrito da perspectiva antropomórfica.Abordamos questões éticas e epistemológicas envolvidas nos estudos dos animais,destacamos trabalhos que apontam problemas no desenho de experimentos eapontamos nestes a existência de um antropomorfismo “traiçoeiro”.

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Doing Away with the No Miracles Argument

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Six New Arguments for Scientific Realism

Six New Arguments for Scientific Realism

The realist and selectionist explanations for the success of science

Persistência E Superação Do Cânone De Morgan

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