Doing and Redoing Emphasized Femininity: How Women Use Emotion Work to Manage Competing Expectations in College Hookup Culture

Kincaid, Reilly; Sennott, Christie; Kelly, Brian C.

doi:10.1007/s11199-022-01275-4

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It is believed that women ‘invest in femininity because they internalise men's interests while suppressing their own, failing to recognise that they have little to gain and much to lose by complying with the gender order’ (Hamilton et al, 2019, p. 320). Additionally, it is this femininity which is given the most cultural support, and it has benefits for individual women in terms of social rank and being liked (Kincaid et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace gender discrimination in the nursing workforce—An integrative review

Gauci

Luck

O’Reilly

et al. 2023

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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AimTo critically synthesise the literature that explores the experiences of workplace gender discrimination from the perspective of registered nurses.DesignIntegrative review.Review MethodsPrimary research articles reporting on the experience of workplace gender discrimination towards registered nurses in any setting were eligible for inclusion. Studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Program list. The six phases of thematic analysis proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006) were used to guide the analysis. Data were extracted and coded, and themes were identified according to the review aims and significant findings of each study.Data SourcesCINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, published between January 2012 and June 2022.ResultsTwenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Major themes identified were (1) career progression, (2) career interruption, (3) positioning of men in nursing and (4) positioning of women in nursing.ConclusionThis review shows that both men and women in nursing experience workplace gender discrimination; however, the forms and consequences of this discrimination differ substantially by gender.Implications for the ProfessionIt is important that the pursuit of greater numerical representation of men in nursing does not result in further reinforcing patriarchal advantage. Professional development for nurse leaders in managing gender issues is recommended.ImpactThis integrative review presents current issues on workplace gender discrimination for men and women in nursing. The findings suggest gender roles and norms have an effect on the careers of both men and women in nursing. The time has come to alter restrictive gender norms and to challenge notions of hegemonic masculinity and femininity.Reporting MethodWe have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines—PRISMA.No Patient or Public ContributionFor this literature review on workplace gender discrimination for registered nurses, we did not engage members of the patient population, nor the general public.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace gender discrimination in the nursing workforce—An integrative review

Gauci

Luck

O’Reilly

et al. 2023

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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“…Gender is accomplished in mundane, taken-for-granted routines; it is ‘a kind of a doing’, a ‘practice of improvisation’ negotiable with others (Butler 2004, 1). Based on interviews with college women in the US, for example, Kincaid, Sennott, and Kelly (2022, 307) explore how women ‘reshape the boundaries of emphasized femininity to accommodate the norms associated with college nightlife’; they selectively maintain elements of emphasised femininity during interactions with un/desirable men, and expand the boundaries of this by incorporating ‘masculine’ behaviours into gendered performances. Redoing gender, though, can be regulated; gendered identities are performed within constraints that limit the notion of gender elasticity.…”

Section: Older Men Later-life Masculinitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Later-Life Masculinities: (Re)forming the Gendered Lives of Older Men

Thomas,

Thurnell-Read

2024

Men and Masculinities

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Older men are often treated as homogenous, a-gendered, and unmasculine. Drawing on 52 interviews with older men who play walking football in the UK, we explore how their experiences can be understood through a lens of masculinity. Men claimed that walking football offers an outlet for both competition and displaying physical prowess. Their embodied performances were crucial for cultivating a masculine identity which, whilst threatened by the ageing process, sustained their privilege and status. Yet, men also described how modes of care, friendship, and interdependence became central to their experiences. As men aged, the constraints around expressing feelings of intimacy, on account of hegemonic norms recognised in their youth, were loosened. Via the empirical analysis presented, the article contributes to both the study of the lives of older men and the continued absence of older men in masculinity theory.

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Norms, Trust, and Backup Plans: U.S. College Women’s Use of Withdrawal with Casual and Committed Romantic Partners

Sennott

James‐Hawkins

2022

The Journal of Sex Research

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This study integrates research on the prevalence of contraceptive methods, including withdrawal, and research on how hook-up culture impacts contraceptive use to examine college women's use of withdrawal with sexual partners. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 57 young women at a midwestern U.S. university, we analyzed women's explanations for using withdrawal for pregnancy prevention and framed our study within the research on gender norms, sexual scripts, and power dynamics. Findings show that withdrawal is normalized within collegiate hook-up culture, with most women assuming without discussion that both casual and committed partners will pull out. Across relationship types, participants typically reported using withdrawal as a backup contraceptive method to pills or condoms or a stop-gap method when switching between more effective contraceptive methods. Women also relied on emergency contraceptives if using only withdrawal. With casual partners, women often advocated for themselves in sexual encounters; however, in committed relationships women tended to acquiesce to the use of withdrawal to maintain their relationship and because their partner desired condomless sex. At the same time, withdrawal in committed relationships was tied to trust and demonstrating love for one's partner. Our study shows that college women frequently relied on withdrawal to avoid pregnancy, even though they acknowledged it was not the most effective or desired method. These findings underscore the disjoint between the contraceptive methods women report using versus those they would prefer to use, emphasizing the need for enhanced contraception education and promotion efforts for both women and men.

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Doing and Redoing Emphasized Femininity: How Women Use Emotion Work to Manage Competing Expectations in College Hookup Culture

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Workplace gender discrimination in the nursing workforce—An integrative review

Workplace gender discrimination in the nursing workforce—An integrative review

Later-Life Masculinities: (Re)forming the Gendered Lives of Older Men

Norms, Trust, and Backup Plans: U.S. College Women’s Use of Withdrawal with Casual and Committed Romantic Partners

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