Doherty techniques for 5G RF and mm-wave power amplifiers

Reynaert, Patrick; Cao, Yuhe; Vigilante, Marco; Indirayanti, Paramartha

doi:10.1109/vlsi-tsa.2016.7480475

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…where I M is the current of the main amplifier that has been transformed via the impedanceinverting network. In the Doherty operation, the main and the auxiliary amplifier are usually operated in class AB and C [17][18][19][20][21], respectively. Therefore, a low (i.e., until OPBO) and a high (i.e., from OPBO to saturation) power region can be identified.…”

Section: The Doherty Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Ka-Band Doherty Power Amplifier in a 150 nm GaN-on-SiC Technology for 5G Applications

Parisi,

Papotto,

Nocera

et al. 2023

Electronics

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This paper presents a Ka-band three-stage power amplifier for 5G communications, which has been implemented in a 150 nm GaN-on-SiC technology and adopts a Doherty architecture. The amplifier is made up of a 50 Ω input buffer, which drives a power splitter, thanks to which it delivers its output power to the two power amplifier units of the Doherty topology, namely the main and auxiliary amplifier. Finally, the outputs of the two power amplifiers are properly arranged in a current combining scheme that enables the typical load modulation of the Doherty architecture, alongside allowing power combining at the final output. The proposed amplifier achieves a small signal gain of around 30 dB at 27 GHz, while providing a saturated output power of 32 dBm, with a power-added efficiency (PAE) as high as 26% and 18% at peak and 6 dB output power back-off, respectively.

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Section: The Doherty Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Ka-Band Doherty Power Amplifier in a 150 nm GaN-on-SiC Technology for 5G Applications

Parisi,

Papotto,

Nocera

et al. 2023

Electronics

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“…A sub-6 GHz PA operating at 6 dB back-off can achieve a power added efficiency (PAE) of 18% [11]. mmWave PAs need to rely on power combining, which introduces extra losses.…”

Section: Dsp and Data Converters: Lean Processing Suits The Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive MIMO in Sub-6 GHz and mmWave: Physical, Practical, and Use-Case Differences

Björnson

Perre

Buzzi

et al. 2019

IEEE Wireless Commun.

220

126

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The use of base stations (BSs) and access points (APs) with a large number of antennas, called Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output), is a key technology for increasing the capacity of 5G networks and beyond. While originally conceived for conventional sub-6 GHz frequencies, Massive MIMO (mMIMO) is ideal also for frequency bands in the range 30-300 GHz, known as millimeter wave (mmWave). Despite conceptual similarities, the way in which mMIMO can be exploited in these bands is radically different, due to their specific propagation behaviors and hardware characteristics. This paper reviews these differences and their implications, while dispelling common misunderstandings. Building on this foundation, we suggest appropriate signal processing schemes and use cases to efficiently exploit mMIMO in both frequency bands. * E. Björnson is with Linköping University, lower frequencies, which is achieved by mMIMO. There are, however, fundamental differences between how mMIMO technology can be designed, implemented, and exploited in sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands. In this paper, we provide a comparative overview, highlighting three main differences:1. The propagation channels build on the same physics, but basic phenomena such as diffraction, attenuation, and Fresnel zones are substantially different.2. The hardware implementation architecture changes with the increasing carrier frequency. More antennas can be integrated into a given area, but the insertion losses, intrinsic power-overhead in radio-frequency (RF) generation, and amplification result in diminishing gains.3. The signal processing algorithms depend on propagation and hardware. Channel estimation is resource-demanding at sub-6 GHz, while beamforming is straightforward. Conversely, mmWave channel estimation and beamforming are theoretically simpler since there are fewer propagation paths, but become challenging if hybrid beamforming is used.In the remainder of this article, we elaborate on these differences, including that they manifest how sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands are to be exploited to target different use-cases in 5G and beyond. Difference I: The propagation channelAn understanding of the electromagnetic propagation is crucial when considering mMIMO systems and frequencies up to mmWave bands. The channels behave fundamentally different from what we are used to in cellular networks, which exposes weaknesses in the channel modeling simplifications conventionally made.

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“…It is well known that the PA of a wireless communication network decides its overall energy consumption and BW. Various linear PA modes like class-A,B,AB with less e ciency and switching PAs like class-E, F that delivers high e ciency with lower linearity [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] reveal that they are restricted to narrow BW and will not be suitable for wideband applications. Therefore, this paper's main contribution involves in the design of a two-stage PA that is suitable for 5G wireless communication networks used in AMI of the smart grid and its simulations were performed using the ADS EDA tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Multistage Class-AB/J Power Amplifier for 5G Smart grid’s Advanced Metering Infrastructure Applications

Sridhar

Senthilpari

Roslee

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The wireless communication networks for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) / smart metering applications of a smart grid are in need of emerging 5G technology for providing a significant enhancement in bandwidth (BW) to support a large amount of data transmission between the Meter data management system (MDMS) of operation centre and smart meters efficiently. The entire wireless communication network’s BW and efficiency mainly depend on its Power Amplifier (PA). The design of PA that can provide high efficiency with linearity over a wide BW is essential to meet the 5G wireless communication network requirements of AMI / smart metering applications. This paper presents the design methodology of a two-stage PA that operates at a 3.5 GHz centre frequency by utilizing the CGH40010F model GaN transistor. This PA employs a Class-J mode for the power stage that will be driven by a Class-AB mode to achieve high efficiency with improved power gain over desired BW. The matching Networks(M.Ns) of the proposed two-stage PA are designed with the idea to replace its passive lumped inductors with active inductors, based on the desired optimum impedance values obtained from the load-pull techniques utilizing the ADS EDA tool. The proposed two-stage PA delivers a power output of 41dBm with 21 dB of power gain over a BW around 400 MHz, a maximum Power Added Efficiency (PAE ) of 53% and maximum drain efficiency (D.E) of 54% with a small signal gain of 27dB at 3.5GHz using 28V power supply into 50 Ω load.

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Doherty techniques for 5G RF and mm-wave power amplifiers

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

A Ka-Band Doherty Power Amplifier in a 150 nm GaN-on-SiC Technology for 5G Applications

A Ka-Band Doherty Power Amplifier in a 150 nm GaN-on-SiC Technology for 5G Applications

Massive MIMO in Sub-6 GHz and mmWave: Physical, Practical, and Use-Case Differences

Design of Multistage Class-AB/J Power Amplifier for 5G Smart grid’s Advanced Metering Infrastructure Applications

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