“…Doherty is a better alternative than outphasing since Doherty is more efficient and ET has bandwidth restrictions 15,51 ; however, DPAs are nonlinear because of their load modulation issues. External linearization techniques like digital predistortion (DPD) can be used at the digital backend to guarantee adequate signal reliability and repress out‐of‐band spectrum regrowth 50 …”
Section: Broadband High‐efficiency Dpa and Linearization Techniquesmentioning
In this paper, functionality of the Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) along with their design constraints such as DPA combining techniques are reviewed. This is because power amplifier (PA) is a key building block in the design of fifth generation (5G) communication systems. A significant trend is the DPA bandwidth enhancement technique, which is the subject of numerous papers in the literature. So, we will review some papers with different solutions to address DPA's bandwidth limitations. There are also different works in the literature that have focused on high-efficiency PA structure designs, which are also discussed in this paper. An excellent option for effective power combining in broadband designs is using balanced amplifiers. We have discussed load modulated balanced amplifiers (LMBA) in this paper because designing an effective PA with a wide bandwidth is crucial. We also covered some papers that have proposed techniques based on the linearization method to bring the efficiency and linearity of DPAs to a fair level.
K E Y W O R D SDoherty power amplifier, energy efficiency, fifth generation (5G), linearization, peak to average power ratio (PAPR), quasi-balanced Doherty power amplifier (QB-DPA)
“…Doherty is a better alternative than outphasing since Doherty is more efficient and ET has bandwidth restrictions 15,51 ; however, DPAs are nonlinear because of their load modulation issues. External linearization techniques like digital predistortion (DPD) can be used at the digital backend to guarantee adequate signal reliability and repress out‐of‐band spectrum regrowth 50 …”
Section: Broadband High‐efficiency Dpa and Linearization Techniquesmentioning
In this paper, functionality of the Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) along with their design constraints such as DPA combining techniques are reviewed. This is because power amplifier (PA) is a key building block in the design of fifth generation (5G) communication systems. A significant trend is the DPA bandwidth enhancement technique, which is the subject of numerous papers in the literature. So, we will review some papers with different solutions to address DPA's bandwidth limitations. There are also different works in the literature that have focused on high-efficiency PA structure designs, which are also discussed in this paper. An excellent option for effective power combining in broadband designs is using balanced amplifiers. We have discussed load modulated balanced amplifiers (LMBA) in this paper because designing an effective PA with a wide bandwidth is crucial. We also covered some papers that have proposed techniques based on the linearization method to bring the efficiency and linearity of DPAs to a fair level.
K E Y W O R D SDoherty power amplifier, energy efficiency, fifth generation (5G), linearization, peak to average power ratio (PAPR), quasi-balanced Doherty power amplifier (QB-DPA)
“…High backoff efficiency is necessary for a power amplifier (PA) in order to provide high-efficiency PA for high PAPR signals. The Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA) architecture is the most often used among the various efficiency improvement methods [10]- [11].…”
This paper presents and compares two transformerless Series Doherty Power Amplifier (SDPA) architectures that are designed with a Wilkinson and Active balun power driver for 5G Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.The proposed SDPAs utilize LC balun to set gate-source voltage of main Power Amplifier (PA). The innovative use of a balun as a replacement for the transformer in both proposed SDPA architectures has demonstrated improved reliability while also designs with reduced area and cost of the system. Additionally, lumped elements are used instead of the bulky λ/4 transmission line which used for the load modulation. Compared to the conventional parallel Doherty power amplifiers, the proposed SDPAs achieve reduced area designs. The SDPAs were designed and simulated using the 65 nm CMOS process at a frequency of 5.9 GHz. The power gain of the SDPA, which uses the Wilkinson power divider, is 12.65 dB. The SDPA also exhibits a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 23.8% and a drain efficiency (DE) of 29.45%. The compression point (P-1dB) of the SDPA is 10.3 dBm.
The SDPA using the Active balun delivers a power gain of 21.66 dB, a PAE of 16.77%, a remarkable DE of 41% indicating a high degree of efficiency. The compression point (P-1dB) of this SDPA is 15.6 dBm.
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