Dogs as Sentinels for Flavivirus Exposure in Urban, Peri-Urban and Rural Hanoi, Vietnam

Long, Phạm Thành; Nguyen-Tien, Thang; Magnusson, Ulf; Bui-Nghia, Vuong; Bui-Ngoc, Anh; Le-Thanh, Duy; Lundkvist, Åke; Can-Xuan, Minh; Thu, Thuy Nguyen-Thi; Bich, Hau Vu-Thi; Lee, Hu Suk; Nguyen-Viet, Hung; Lindahl, Johanna F.

doi:10.3390/v13030507

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Exposure data from sentinel dogs can also be used to target vaccination to areas where expected human exposure is greatest or where access to JEV vaccine or resources to implement vaccination are limited. Even if in-depth surveys under various environmental conditions should be further implemented to infer the potential use of dogs as JEV sentinels in the future, this complements the results of studies suggesting that dogs could be used as sentinels for other flaviviruses such as WNV [ 89 , 90 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

2022

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Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne zoonosis and the leading cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia. Its transmission cycle is usually described as involving wild birds as reservoirs and pigs as amplifying hosts. JE is endemic in Cambodia, where it circulates in areas with low pig densities (<70 pigs per km2), and could be maintained in a multi-host system composed of pigs, but also poultry as competent hosts, and dogs, cattle and humans as non-competent hosts. We used a mathematical model representing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission in a traditional Cambodian village that we calibrated with field data collected in 3 districts of Kandal province, Cambodia. First, R0 calculations allowed us to assess the capacity of the epidemiological system to be invaded by JEV and sustain virus transmission in villages in the 3 districts, and we predicted human exposure at the epidemiological equilibrium, based on simulations. Changes in spatial density of livestock, in agricultural practices, and epizootics (e.g., African swine fever), can profoundly alter the composition of host communities, which could affect JEV transmission and its impact on human health. In a second step, we then used the model to analyse how host community composition affected R0 and the predicted human exposure. Lastly, we evaluated the potential use of dog JE seroprevalence as an indicator of human exposure to JEV. In the modeled villages, the calculated R0 ranged from 1.07 to 1.38. Once the equilibrium reached, predicted annual probability of human exposure ranged from 9% to 47%, and predicted average age at infection was low, between 2 and 11 years old, highlighting the risk of severe forms of JEV infection and the need to intensify child immunization. According to the model, increasing the proportion of competent hosts induced a decrease in age at infection. The simulations also showed that JEV could invade a multi-host system with no pigs, reinforcing the assumption of poultry acting as reservoirs. Finally, the annual human exposure probability appeared linearly correlated with dog seroprevalence, suggesting that in our specific study area, dog seroprevalence would be a good proxy for human exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

2022

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“…Furthermore, dogs live in close proximity to humans, are not vaccinated against JEV, do not show symptoms when infected, and maintain virus neutralization titers for long periods after JEV infection. All of these factors indicate that dogs are good sentinels for assessing the risk of human infection with JEV [ 57 , 58 ]. Therefore, we developed a convenient, rapid, sensitive, and specific ICS kit for JEV seroconversion surveillance in dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Colloidal Gold-Based Immunochromatographic Strips for Rapid Detection and Surveillance of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Dogs across Shanghai, China

Zhong,

Wahaab,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes acute encephalitis in humans and is of major public health concern in most Asian regions. Dogs are suitable sentinels for assessing the risk of JEV infection in humans. A neutralization test (NT) or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for the serological detection of JEV in dogs; however, these tests have several limitations, and, thus, a more convenient and reliable alternative test is needed. In this study, a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip (ICS), using a purified recombinant EDIII protein, was established for the serological survey of JEV infection in dogs. The results show that the ICSs could specifically detect JEV antibodies within 10 min without cross-reactions with antibodies against other canine viruses. The test strips could detect anti-JEV in serum with dilution up to 640 times, showing high sensitivity. The coincidence rate with the NT test was higher than 96.6%. Among 586 serum samples from dogs in Shanghai examined using the ICS test, 179 (29.98%) were found to be positive for JEV antibodies, and the high seropositivity of JEV in dogs in China was significantly correlated with the season and living environment. In summary, we developed an accurate and economical ICS for the rapid detection of anti-JEV in dog serum samples with great potential for the surveillance of JEV in dogs.

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“…The limitations of this study include the lack of confirmation with VNT, as well as the relatively low number of birds sampled each month per farm. Given the known cross-reactions between different flaviviruses, particularly JEV and WNV, and the fact that the ELISA kit used cannot differentiate these viruses (23,53), it is possible that some of these sero-conversions could be against JEV instead of WNV. The best method for distinguishing the causative virus would be VNT, but this would require a biosafety level 3 laboratory, which was not available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-Prevalence of West Nile Virus in Urban and Peri-Urban Poultry Farms of Guwahati, India

et al. 2022

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic, emerging mosquito-borne virus which can cause severe disease in the form of encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis in humans. In Assam, northeast India, arboviruses seem to be re-emerging, however, WNV has been little studied. The present investigation was carried out from April, 2018 to March, 2019 to study sero-positivity of WNV in chicken in urban and peri-urban areas of Guwahati, the capital city of Assam. Four urban and four peri-urban areas of Guwahati were selected. A total of 864 chicken serum samples (72 samples per month) were screened by ELISA and further confirmed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI), which revealed that 3.13% of the chickens had been exposed to WNV, with 0.69% sero-positivity in urban areas compared to 5.56% in peri-urban. Peak sero-prevalence of WNV were reported during the month of July and August with 8.33% each with lowest sero-prevalence being recorded in November (1.39%) and no sero-positive birds from December to April. These results indicate that WNV is one of the actively circulating flaviviruses in Assam, and human febrile and encephalitic cases should be screened for the disease.

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Dogs as Sentinels for Flavivirus Exposure in Urban, Peri-Urban and Rural Hanoi, Vietnam

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

Development of Colloidal Gold-Based Immunochromatographic Strips for Rapid Detection and Surveillance of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Dogs across Shanghai, China

Sero-Prevalence of West Nile Virus in Urban and Peri-Urban Poultry Farms of Guwahati, India

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