Dog Walking, the Human–Animal Bond and Older Adults’ Physical Health

Abstract

This study provides evidence for the association between dog walking and physical health using a large, nationally representative sample. The relationship with one's dog may be a positive influence on physical activity for older adults.

Dog ownership supports the maintenance of physical activity during poor weather in older English adults: cross-sectional results from the EPIC Norfolk cohort

“…10 11 Evidence from observational studies shows a positive relationship between dog walking and physical activity in older people across different countries and regions, including USA, Canada and UK. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] For example, using the Health and Retirement Study, a nationwide cohort of older adults aged 50 or above in the USA, reported that dog walking was associated with higher frequency of self-reported physical activity. 11 A small number of intervention studies have also suggested the beneficial effect of dog walking on leisure-time walking and adherence to physical activity programmes.…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] For example, using the Health and Retirement Study, a nationwide cohort of older adults aged 50 or above in the USA, reported that dog walking was associated with higher frequency of self-reported physical activity. 11 A small number of intervention studies have also suggested the beneficial effect of dog walking on leisure-time walking and adherence to physical activity programmes. 17 18 A pilot randomised control trial provided educational materials to dog owners who did not walk their dogs regularly and reported increased walking time in the intervention group at 12-week follow-up.…”

The association between dog ownership and physical activity in adults – a brief review

“…Further, the behavioural characteristics of dogs (eg, being distracted by sensory stimuli) may contribute to a decrease in speed when walking a dog. 11 Conversely, three articles stated a positive association between dog owner/dog walkers and an increase in the intensity of PA. Reeves et al 20 found that approximately 60 per cent of dog walkers met the criteria for regular moderate and/or vigorous leisure time PA compared to 45 per cent for dog owner/non-dog walkers or non-dog owners.…”

“…JHD 2017:2(1): [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] REVIEW households, it is no surprise that an association between dog ownership and higher levels of PA has been found. 10 Despite this, less than 50 per cent of dog owners walk their dogs regularly.…”

“…8 Dog walking is a purposeful task that provides social support and can act as a constant motivator all year round, including during the winter months. 11 In this paper we report a review of the literature on the evidence for the benefit of dog ownership with respect to increased physical activity and weight loss.…”