Does water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) compensate for simulated defoliation? Implications for effective biocontrol

Soti, Pushpa; Volin, John C.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.01.008

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…On the contrary, stands of Myriophyllum spicatum retract their resources to belowground parts after defoliation by aquatic caterpillars (Miler and Straile, 2010). Water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) were also found to fully compensate for low levels of continuous defoliation, regardless of nutrient availability (Soti and Volin, 2010). In seagrass ecosystems, reported effects of large herbivores were positive for intermediate densities of green turtles (e.g.…”

Section: Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Herbivory on freshwater and marine macrophytes: A review and perspective

et al. 2016

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on freshwater and marine macrophytes: a review and perspective.Aquatic Botany http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.aquabot.2016.04.008 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractUntil the 1990s, herbivory on aquatic vascular plants was considered to be of minor importance, and the predominant view was that freshwater and marine macrophytes did not take part in the food web: their primary fate was the detritivorous pathway. In the last 25 years, a substantial body of evidence has developed that shows that herbivory is an important factor in the ecology of vascular macrophytes across freshwater and marine habitats. Herbivores remove on average 40-48% of plant biomass in freshwater and marine ecosystems, which is typically 5-10 times greater than reported for terrestrial ecosystems. This may be explained by the lower C:N stoichiometry found in submerged plants.Herbivores affect plant abundance and species composition by grazing and bioturbation and therewith alter the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, including biogeochemical cycling, carbon stocks and primary production, transport of nutrients and propagules across ecosystem boundaries, habitat for other organisms and the level of shoreline protection by macrophyte beds.With ongoing global environmental change, herbivore impacts are predicted to increase.There are pressing needs to improve our management of undesirable herbivore impacts on macrophytes (e.g. leading to an ecosystem collapse), and the conflicts between people 4 associated with the impacts of charismatic mega-herbivores. While simultaneously, the longterm future of maintaining both viable herbivore populations and plant beds should be addressed, as both belong in complete ecosystems and have co-evolved in these long before the increasing influence of man. Better integration of the freshwater, marine, and terrestrial herbivory literatures would greatly benefit future research efforts.

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Section: Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Herbivory on freshwater and marine macrophytes: A review and perspective

et al. 2016

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“…Gerlach and Rice (2003) observed that the greater invasive potential of Centaurea solstitialis relative to C. sulphurea and C. melitensis was due to this species' increase in the number of flower heads in response to stem clipping. These small physiological and morphological differences can result in large differences in invasiveness (Thébaud, Finzi, Affre, Debussche, & Escarre, 1996;Gerlach & Rice, 2003;Soti & Volin, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Compensatory Ability and Relative Invasive Potential in Ornamental Cleomes

Raboteaux¹,

Anderson²

2014

IJB

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Tolerance to herbivory is an important trait influencing invasive potential of exotic plant species. However, though many invasive plant species have been introduced as ornamentals, tolerance to herbivory has not been evaluated among cultivars of ornamental crops to assess relative invasive potential. A greenhouse study was performed to compare tolerance to simulated herbivory in five Cleome cultivars (Sparkler White, Sparkler Rose, Queen White, Queen Rose and Solo). The herbivory treatments simulated deer, rabbit and invertebrate herbivore damage by clipping the main stem, removing leaves, or punching out leaf pieces, respectively. Data were collected for flowering time, vegetative and reproductive biomass, ratio of reproductive: vegetative biomass (reproductive effort), number of flowering and vegetative shoots, ratio of number of flowering: total shoots (reproductive allocation), and number of ovules/flower. Cultivars showed different norms of tolerance ranging from under compensation to overcompensation with differences among cultivars within series. The response differed among patterns of simulated herbivory with stem clipping having the most dramatic and negative effect on plant growth and reproduction relative to whole leaf and partial leaf defoliation. The response also varied depending on cultivar and trait. For example, compensation in vegetative, but not reproductive, biomass, was observed across most cultivars after clipping. Significant interactions of herbivory treatment x cultivar were detected for total shoot number and the ratio of flowering: total shoots in the stem clipping experiment, indicating shifts in relative cultivar ranks. The implication of variation in tolerance to herbivory is discussed in relation to ornamental crop development and invasive species risk assessment.

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“…However, these methods are expensive, have limited effectiveness, and cause their own adverse ecosystem impacts (Greenfield et al, 2006;Dagno et al, 2007;Malik, 2007;Soti and Volin, 2010). In an attempt to improve these control methods and to prevent future invasions, there have been several efforts to predict local dispersal via population models (Mitsch, 1976;Wilson et al, 2005;Henry-Silva et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Flow-induced forces on free-floating macrophytes

Downing-Kunz

Stacey

2011

Hydrobiologia

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Free-floating macrophytes have buoyant petioles and unanchored roots; certain species are highly invasive, owing to characteristics such as high growth rates and the formation of dense floating mats that drift on wind and water currents. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one example; its invasion of tropical and subtropical freshwater systems worldwide harms native ecosystems and impedes human activities. This research examines flow-induced forces and biomechanical properties of E. crassipes to better understand flow interactions and transport mechanisms. Drag forces were measured in a flume and a wind tunnel for varying approach velocities and raft configurations; from this data, drag coefficients in water (C D w ) and air (C D a ) were developed. Over similar Reynolds number (Re b ) regimes, C D w decrease as Re b increases while C D a are invariant. For the same raft tested in air and water, water drag exceeds air drag and the value of C D w approaches C D a at high Re b . Force-velocity relationships indicate root canopies reconfigure by streamlining in higher flow velocities while leaf canopies do not. Root canopy streamlining is further explained through biomechanical testing: we found the major vegetative structures of E. crassipes (roots, stolons, and petioles) have similar moduli of elasticity but second moments of area are three orders of magnitude smaller in roots compared to stolons or petioles, leading to significantly lower flexural rigidity in roots than in stolons or petioles. Flow interactions with the root canopy differ for an individual plant compared to a raft assemblage. Laboratory results suggest that water currents are the dominant mechanism for E. crassipes dispersal.

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Does water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) compensate for simulated defoliation? Implications for effective biocontrol

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Herbivory on freshwater and marine macrophytes: A review and perspective

Herbivory on freshwater and marine macrophytes: A review and perspective

Variability in Compensatory Ability and Relative Invasive Potential in Ornamental Cleomes

Flow-induced forces on free-floating macrophytes

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