Does voluntary health insurance improve health and longevity? Evidence from European OECD countries

Determinants of life-expectancy and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in European and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries: A longitudinal analysis (1990–2019)

“…Given the CPI scale where 0 stands for “highly corrupt” and 100 – for “very clean”, the negative GEE coefficient in our results indicates that lower levels of the corruption variable correspond to lower DALYs. Using an alternative indicator for corruption (the “control of corruption”), another study obtained the same finding ( Dragos et al, 2022 ). A point to keep in mind here is that more corrupt countries would be more likely to manipulate their statistics as well, which may impact the determinants and health outcomes in our dataset to different extents.…”

“…On a worldwide level, it has exhibited favorable links with indicators such as GDP, poverty rates, infant mortality, school enrollment, and the UN World happiness index, besides LEB ( Gwartney, Lawson, Hall, & Murphy, 2021 ). In European countries in particular, previous research utilizing this or similar indicators has reported a positive relation between economic freedom and LEB ( Dragos et al, 2022 ; Gracia-de-Rentería et al, 2022 ; A. Sharma et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Among the 68 covariates we initially included, 6 directly expressed life-style. Although this type of determinant is consistently identified as important to population health in the literature ( Dragos et al, 2022 ; Gracia-de-Rentería et al, 2022 ; Joumard et al, 2008b ; Roffia, Bucciol, & Hashlamoun ; van den Heuvel & Olaroiu, 2017 ; Zare et al, 2015 ), none but one of these covariates (fat availability) survived our variable-selection procedure, and had non-significant effect at the end. We hypothesize, that life-style influence on health was absorbed by other factors.…”

“…In essence (and unlike LEB), it is a measure of loss and its minimization is, therefore, desired. The DALY is considered an important comprehensive index of population health ( Dragos, Mare, Dragos, Muresan, & Purcel, 2022 ) as it combines both longevity and the impact of disease, injury, and disability on human quality of life. It has been and continues to be used extensively to make comparisons between countries and regions.…”

Pediatric Health Access and Private Medical Insurance: Based on the Ecology of Medical Care in Korea

“…Such high accessibility to hospital-based settings may indicate a lower barrier to the use of medical services among consumers. However, it should not be overlooked that it may indicate a functional weakening of the medical delivery system, as well as excessive use of NHI finances [ 21 , 22 ]. The multivariate analysis of our study, which revealed that multiple policyholders visited OPD in a hospital more than non-policyholders after adjusting associated variables, may indicate that PMI induces further use of medical services in hospital-based settings.…”