Does Urban Security Modulate Transportation Choices and Travel Behavior of Citizens? A National Study in the Dominican Republic

Abstract

Introduction: Traditionally, the scientific literature on urban and transportation dynamics addresses many topics, but the security-related outcomes of users remain a pending issue, especially in emerging countries and their cities. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that, especially in developing countries, security issues may influence people's decision-making in the choice of transport means, daily urban-trip patterns and road behaviors of users. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between the perceived security (in both urban environments and public transport systems) and the daily-travel behavior and trip patterns of the Dominican Republic population. Methods: This cross-sectional study, performed in 2019, analyzed data collected from 1,026 inhabitants from different cities of the Dominican Republic (54% females and 46% males), who completed a survey on security issues, travel behaviors and transportation-related habits. Results: The results of this research suggest that demographic factors, such as age, education, and city/town size, and the safety perceived in the urban environment play a significant role in the choice of transportation modes, as well as in the participants' experience as victims of crime-related incidents (either witnessing or suffering crime episodes on public transport or city streets) during urban trips performed over the last 5 years. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that perceived safety, in both urban environments and public transport systems, is a relevant issue affecting the daily transport-related patterns and behavioral choices of the Dominican Republic's population. The results of this research might contribute to the strengthening of transport security planning, considering factors that are not traditionally kept in mind for policymaking in transportation dynamics.

Citizens’ Perceptions in Relation to Transport Systems and Infrastructures: A Nationwide Study in the Dominican Republic

“…This context is especially important with women [58]. Figures indicate that public roads, and more specifically, public transport, are areas where harassment situations frequently occur [59][60][61].…”

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“…Thus, one must wonder why, if users are aware of this circumstance, they are still making the decision to drive, but (in absence of in-depth interviews or any other type of qualitative data) the authors remain dependent on the previous literature on the matter. In these studies, other factors potentially explaining differences in driver decision-making, such as driver income, social resources available and accessibility to other transport modes are briefly considered (Alonso et al 2020b). Said differently, if a person, because of economic, safety, time and/or accessibility related reasons, cannot choose to travel in any other way than by car, it will be quite complicated to give it up in case of feeling unwell, being, fatigued or for any other issue (Gabrielli & Maimone, 2013).…”

Ride-hailing services: Competition or complement to public transport to reduce accident rates. The case of Madrid

“…In theory, a larger public transport infrastructure should be associated with a better and more efficient public transport which should affect the overall relative cost of the transport in favor of the mass modes. Recent studies indicate that users' perception of the quality and safety of public transport may influence their choice of transport mode (Alonso et al, 2020(Alonso et al, , 2021. Furthermore, all of the public transport options are theoretically safer alternatives than private vehicles, so the number of accidents could decrease.…”