Does unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa have asymmetric effects on health? A panel quantile approach

Byaro, Mwoya; Mafwolo, Gemma; Ngereza, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.jeca.2023.e00316

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…It also allows for accounting for the heterogeneity associated with the influence of independent variables on a dependent variable, which can provide more important information than frequentist mean OLS method (Byaro, Kinyondo, & Lemnge, 2023;Byaro, Rwezaula, & Ngowi, 2023). Panel quantile regression also handles the endogeneity of variables in the model (see Byaro, Mafwolo, & Ngereza, 2023). Table 4 shows that trade significantly increases income inequality across all quantiles (i.e., 10th to 80th).…”

Section: R E Su Lt Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Do higher government spending, financial development, and trade reduce income inequality in low‐income countries? A Bayesian perspective

Byaro,

Ngowi,

Rwezaula

2024

Politics & Policy

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We employed the Bayesian method to investigate the impact of government spending, financial development (measured by bank credit), and trade on income inequality reduction in 66 low‐income countries (LICs) across Africa, Asia, America, and Europe from 2000 to 2018. Controlling inflation and unemployment, our results indicate that trade and inflation exacerbate income inequality in LICs, while financial development and government spending have no impact on reducing income inequality in these countries. Furthermore, the findings show that real GDP per capita reduces income inequality in LICs. To ensure the robustness of our results, we also conducted frequentist quantile regression, which yielded consistent findings that financial development, government spending, and trade do not reduce income inequality in LICs. We further discuss the potential channels through which trade, financial development, inflation, and government spending contribute to income inequality in LICs, and provide policy implications based on the empirical evidence.Related ArticlesAdegboye, Alex, Kofo Adegboye, Uwalomwa Uwuigbe, Stephen Ojeka, and Eyitemi Fasanu. 2023. “Taxation, Democracy, and Inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Relevant Linkages for Sustainable Development Goals.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 696–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12547.Asongu, Simplice, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. 2023. “The Effect of Inequality on Poverty and Severity of Poverty in Sub‐Saharan Africa: The Role of Financial Development Institutions.” Politics & Policy 51(5): 898–918. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12558.Polacko, Matthew. 2023. “Turning Off the Base: Social Democracy's Neoliberal Turn, Income Inequality, and Turnout.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 538–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12550.

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Section: R E Su Lt Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Do higher government spending, financial development, and trade reduce income inequality in low‐income countries? A Bayesian perspective

Byaro,

Ngowi,

Rwezaula

2024

Politics & Policy

Self Cite

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“…Sub-Saharan African economies are associated with low per capita income (Gardner, 2022;Gil-Alana et al, 2021;Selassie and Hakobyan , 2021;The World Bank, 2022), high rates of income poverty (Saidi et al, 2023;Schoch and Lakner, 2020), increasing rate of unemployment (Akinyele et al, 2022;Byaro et al, 2023), relatively weak government health expenditure (Eze et al, 2022;Micah et al, 2019), along with poor health outcomes like an increase in infant and maternal deaths, cases of child malnutrition, a shortened life expectancy, and policy mistakes, especially in important economic sectors like the health sector (World Bank, 2013a;2013b;. Dover and Belon (2019) noted that inequalities in health are socially driven leading to a restriction of the poorer population from rising progressively to the desire health state in society.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Health Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Further Evidence from Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) Approach

Igbinedion,

Gozhak

2023

NIU JSS

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A nation’s progress is largely influenced by its state of health. This is so because a healthy people are not only able to work and support themselves, but are able to make a significant contribution to the socio-economic expansion and improvement to the community in which they reside. One of the major limitations to achieving the above fit is the increasing health disparity in the larger ecosystemn. And, despite the several initiatives and programmes developed to narrow the growing health gap across the various social strata among individuals around the world, it still persists. Motivated by the need to bridge this rising health gap, this study examines the determinants of health dispraities within the context of sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004 to 2022, using the panel feasible/estimated generalised least squares. The results revealed that while public health spending per capita, income per capita, and health-oriented net official development assistance negatively and statistically impacted on health inequality, unemployment and income poverty positively and significantly impacted on health inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, the paper recommends, amongst others, the urgent need for policy makers in SSA region to pay greater attention to budgetry allocations to the health sector for the provision of health insurance and quality and affordable healthcare services. Such efforts should be complemented with the formulation of workable, active, measurable and employment-based policies across SSA region, aimed at creating stable and profitable jobs for the unemployed and under-employed masses.

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Not all that glitters is gold: Financial access, microfinance, and female unemployment in sub‐Saharan Africa

Asongu,

Zogo,

Mete

et al. 2024

World Affairs

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The present study assesses the relevance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the effect of financial access on gender economic inclusion in 44 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2004–2018. The adopted empirical strategy is interactive quantile regressions that are tailored to account for both simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. Two MFI dynamics are employed: MFIs per 1,000 km2 and MFIs per 100,000 adults. Financial access is measured in terms of female bank account ownership while gender inclusion is measured in terms of reducing female unemployment. We find that MFIs per 1,000 km2 must reach thresholds of between 2.328 and 2.490 at the 90th quantile of the female unemployment distribution in order for female bank account ownership to reduce female unemployment. The partial validity of the tested hypothesis is clarified and we note a few policy implications.

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Does unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa have asymmetric effects on health? A panel quantile approach

Cited by 5 publications

References 69 publications

Do higher government spending, financial development, and trade reduce income inequality in low‐income countries? A Bayesian perspective

Do higher government spending, financial development, and trade reduce income inequality in low‐income countries? A Bayesian perspective

Determinants of Health Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Further Evidence from Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) Approach

Not all that glitters is gold: Financial access, microfinance, and female unemployment in sub‐Saharan Africa

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