Does undernutrition during infancy inhibit brain growth and subsequent intellectual development?

Stoch, M. B.; Smythe, P. M.

doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(96)00123-2

Cited by 34 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Undernutrition remains the most important nutritional problem in developing countries, and at an early age affects the growth and development of children, especially in conditions of poverty, and has been associated with retarded brain growth and functional development that persists into adult life, such as in our present study (Stoch & Smythe 1963, 1967Winick & Rosso, 1969a,b;Winick, 1975;Stoch et al 1982;Hack & Breslau, 1986;Hack et al 1991;Udani, 1992;Cordero et al 1993;Grantham-McGregor, 1995;Levitsky & Strupp 1995;Brown & Pollitt, 1996;Food and Agriculture Organization, 1996;Ivanovic, 1996;United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, 1998;Ivanovic et al 2000b;Leiva et al 2001). However, these inter-relationships do not have a direct cause -effect relationship since complex interactions are established during the lifetime of the individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…It has been defined as the most sensitive anthropometric index of prolonged undernutrition during infancy, associated with intellectual impairment (Stoch & Smythe, 1963, 1967Winick & Rosso, 1969a;Stoch et al 1982;Ivanovic, 1996;Ivanovic et al 2000b;Leiva et al 2001). Malnutrition alters brain development and intelligence by interfering with overall health as well as with the child's energy level, rate of motor development and growth; poverty and deprivation exacerbate these negative effects, specially when mothers have lower schooling levels (Brown & Pollitt, 1996;Ivanovic et al 2000b).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nutritional status, brain development and scholastic achievement of Chilean high-school graduates from high and low intellectual quotient and socio-economic status

et al. 2002

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the inter-relationships between nutritional status (past and current nutrition), brain development, and scholastic achievement (SA) of Chilean high-school graduates from high and low intellectual quotient (IQ) and socio-economic status (SES) (mean age 18 : 0 (SD 0 : 9) years). Results showed that independently of SES, highschool graduates with similar IQ have similar nutritional, brain development and SA variables. Multiple regression analysis between child IQ (dependent variable) and age, sex, SES, brain volume (BV), undernutrition during the first year of life, paternal and maternal IQ (independent variables) revealed that maternal IQ (P,0 : 0001), BV (P,0 : 0387) and severe undernutrition during the first year of life (P,0 : 0486), were the independent variables with the greatest explanatory power for child IQ variance (r 2 0 : 707), without interaction with age, sex or SES. Child IQ (P,0 : 0001) was the only independent variable that explained both SA variance (r 2 0 : 848) and academic aptitude test variance (r 2 0 : 876) without interaction with age, sex or SES. These results confirm the hypotheses formulated for this study that: (1) independently of SES, high-school graduates with similar IQ have similar variables of nutritional status, brain development and SA; (2) past nutritional status, brain development, child IQ and SA are strongly and significantly inter-related. These findings are relevant in explaining the complex interactions between variables that affect IQ and SA and can be useful for nutritional and educational planning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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confidence: 99%

Nutritional status, brain development and scholastic achievement of Chilean high-school graduates from high and low intellectual quotient and socio-economic status

et al. 2002

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“…1 Malnutrition during infancy and early childhood is believed to have a long termimpact on both physical growth and intellectual performance in later life. 2,3 The physical growth of child is reflected by different Anthropometric measurements especially height and weight. The physical dimensions of the body are much influenced by nutrition in growing period of school age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Malnutrition among School Children in Rural Area Of North Karnataka Region

Malpani¹,

Sarat²,

Shivanand³

et al. 2014

IJOPP

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Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the level of malnutrition and the impact of households on the nutritional status of school children in a rural area of north karnataka region. Materials and methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey using a structured questionnaire which includes Anthropometric measurements height (H/A) and weight (W/A). Factors included: the number of children of 5 to 14 years of age in the family, occupation of the parents, family income, maternal education, type of residence (kacha or pucca) and children gender. Results: Two hundred and seventy school children representing a rural area of Raichur district, north karnataka were participated in the study. Reference standards used were those of WHO growth charts. The results showed the level of stunting and underweight in school children as per percentile standards from the WHO. Most of the boys and girls of the study fall under < 3rd percentile. Hence, malnutrition was significantly higher among the school children. The higher the level of the mother's education, the lower the level of child's underweight was observed. In the present study, growing children by and large are deprived of good nutrition on account of their poor socio-economic status, ignorance and lack of health promotional facilities. Conclusion: The study findings imply that efforts for redressing child under nutrition issues in rural areas should focus on factors associated with development outcomes such as family income, maternal education, and the creation of employment

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“…For example, nutritional de privation of newborn rats results in a reduc tion of brain weight and size [1], cortical depth [2], neuronal dendrogenesis [3,4], myelination [5], and synapse-to-neuron ratio [6,7], Such structural deficits are frequently cor related to various neurobehavioral abnormal-ities, such as learning deficiencies and poor exploratory drive [8]. Clinical evidence has also shown that early postnatal under-or mal nutrition produces similar impairments [9]. In contrast to these effects, several reports indicate that environmental enrichment en hances various parameters related to brain and behavioral development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Preweaning Environmental Stimulation on Neuronal and Behavioral Impairment Produced by Undernutrition

Pascual¹,

Hervias²,

Figueroa³

1996

Neonatology

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The present study investigates the effects of sensorimotor stimulation on the basal dendrogenesis of superficial cerebrocortical neurons and the accomplishment in the associated exploratory behavior in rats simultaneously exposed to nutritional deprivation. Sprague-Dawley albino rats were submitted to nutritional-environmental influences from birth to the 21 st postnatal day. Exploratory behavior was assessed by the evaluation of locomotor activity in the open-field apparatus. In order to evaluate changes in neuronal morphology induced by nutritional-environmental variables, brains were stained according to the Golgi-Cox-Sholl procedure. Dendritic development was assessed under camera lucida by measuring basal dendritic branching of layer II and III pyramidal neurons, located in the dorsomedial region of the visual cortex of the rat. Morphometrical analysis revealed that both basal dendritic length and branching were significantly reduced by undernutrition. In contrast, environmental stimulation during the suckling period compensated for the neuronal impairment produced by protein-calorie deprivation. An improvement was also observed in exploratory behavior although to a lesser degree, as shown by the open field test data. In conclusion, the present results indicate that sensorimotor stimulation applied during the period of fastest rate of cortical cytodifferentiation compensates for neuronal and behavioral impairment produced by undernutrition.

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Does undernutrition during infancy inhibit brain growth and subsequent intellectual development?

Cited by 34 publications

References 1 publication

Nutritional status, brain development and scholastic achievement of Chilean high-school graduates from high and low intellectual quotient and socio-economic status

Nutritional status, brain development and scholastic achievement of Chilean high-school graduates from high and low intellectual quotient and socio-economic status

Prevalence of Malnutrition among School Children in Rural Area Of North Karnataka Region

Effects of Preweaning Environmental Stimulation on Neuronal and Behavioral Impairment Produced by Undernutrition

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