Does Ultraviolet Radiation Exhibit Antimicrobial Effect against Oral Pathogens Attached on Various Dental Implant Surfaces? A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Dental implant therapy is currently identified as the most effective treatment for edentulous patient. However, peri-implant inflammations were found to be one of the most common complications that leads to the loss and failure of dental implantation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been proposed to enhance bone integration and reduce bacterial attachment. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the current evidence regarding the antimicrobial effect of UV on different dental implant surfaces. Methods: Five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, VHL, and Cochran Library were searched to retrieve relevant articles. All original reports that examined the effect of the application of UV radiation on dental implants were included in our study. Results: A total of 16 in vitro studies were included in this systematic review. Polymethyl methacrylate UV radiation has induced a significant decrease in bacterial survival in PMMA materials, with an increased effect by modification with 2.5% and 5% TiO2 nanotubes. UV-C showed a superior effect to UV-A in reducing bacterial attachment and accumulation. UV wavelength of 265 and 285 nm showed powerful bactericidal effects. UV of 365 nm for 24 h had the highest inhibition of bacterial growth in ZnO coated magnesium alloys. In UV-irradiated commercially pure titanium surfaces treated with plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application, heat or alkali had shown significant higher bactericidal effect vs non-irradiated treated surfaces than the treatment with any of them alone. UVC and gamma-ray irradiation increased the hydrophilicity of zirconia surface, compared to the dry heat. Conclusion: UV radiation on Ti surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial effects demonstrated through the reduction in bacterial attachment and biofilm formation with suppression of bacterial cells growth. Combination of UV and treated surfaces with alkali, plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application or heat enhance the overall photocatalytic antimicrobial effect.

Impact of Dental Implant Surface Uv-Photofunctionalization on Osseointegration and Antibacterial Properties: Systematic Review

“…43 It is known that ultraviolet radiation also has an antimicrobial effect due to photochemical reactions, affecting the DNA of bacteria. 44 Irradiation of titanium surfaces with UV light showed an antimicrobial effect due to the enhancement of photocatalytic properties that suppress periodontopathogenic bacteria. UV radiation reduces the adhesion of bacteria to the surface of the TiO implant and can increase the attachment of epithelial cells to TiO.…”

Biomimetic Coatings in Implant Dentistry: A Quick Update

“…According to studies, the surface area of the implant increases with increased surface roughness, which leads to higher cell proliferation and cell growth [14]. Because of these surface modifications, the biocompatibility of the implant material is greatly improved, as is the adsorption of protein and cells [15]. This results in faster osseointegration and also a shorter period of healing, which is desirable for both clinicians and patients, and thereby improves the patient's quality of life [5,9].…”