Does Trauma Shape Identity? Exploring the Links Between Lifetime Trauma Exposure and Identity Status in Emerging Adulthood

Truskauskaitė‐Kunevičienė, Inga; Brailovskaia, Julia; Kamite, Yuka; Petrauskaite, Gabija; Margraf, Jürgen; Kazlauskas, Evaldas

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570644

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Given the different physical, social and cultural contexts, it is not surprising that adolescents in Japan and Lithuania are differentially exposed to potentially traumatic experiences. First, we found that the majority of adolescents were exposed to traumatic experiences in Lithuania, in line with the previous studies on adolescents and youth (Kazlauskas et al ., 2020; Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene et al ., 2020). However, only less than half of the adolescents in Japan reported exposure to traumatic events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: a cross-cultural study in Japan and Lithuania

Kazlauskas

Jovarauskaitė

Abe

et al. 2022

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aims Cross-cultural studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on ICD-11 diagnostic criteria are scarce, especially in adolescence. The study aimed to evaluate the trauma exposure, prevalence and factors associated with PTSD and CPTSD in general populations of adolescents in Lithuania and Japan. Methods The study sample comprised 1746 adolescents from Lithuania (n = 832) and Japan (n = 914), 49.8% female. The mean age of study participants was 15.52 (s.d. = 1.64), ranging from 12 to 18 years. ICD-11 posttraumatic disorders were assessed using the International Trauma Questionnaire – Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA). Results More than half of the adolescents in a total sample (61.5%) reported exposure to at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, 80.0% in Lithuania and 44.6% in Japan, with a higher prevalence of interpersonal trauma in Lithuania and more natural disaster exposure in Japan. The prevalence of PTSD was 5.2% (95% CI 3.8–6.9%) and 2.3% (95% CI 1.4–3.5%), CPTSD 12.3% (95% CI 10.1–14.7%) and 4.1% (95% CI 2.9–5.5%) in Lithuanian and Japanese samples, respectively. Cumulative trauma exposure, female gender, loneliness and financial difficulties in family predicted both PTSD and CPTSD in the total sample. Loneliness discriminated CPTSD v. PTSD in both Lithuanian and Japanese samples. Conclusions This cross-cultural study is among the first which reported different patterns of trauma exposure in Asian Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents in Europe. Despite differences in trauma exposure and PTSD/CPTSD prevalence, we found similar predictors in both studies, particularly the importance of cumulative trauma exposure for PTSD/CPTSD, and social interpersonal factors for the risk of CPTSD. The study supports the universality of traumatic stress reactions to adverse life experiences in adolescence across cultures and regions and highlights different levels of traumatisation of adolescents in various countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: a cross-cultural study in Japan and Lithuania

Kazlauskas

Jovarauskaitė

Abe

et al. 2022

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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“…The sum of all traumatic experiences was used to estimate cumulative trauma exposure. The Lithuanian version of LEC-R was used in several studies previously ( Kvedaraite et al, 2020 ; Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in the Lithuanian general population

Kvedaraitė

Geležėlytė

Kairyte

et al. 2021

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: After the inclusion of a novel diagnosis of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), there is a growing need for research focused on not only studying the underlying risk factors of this disorder but also differentiating the risk factors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and CPTSD to understand better the factors leading to CPTSD onset and symptom maintenance. Aims: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of traumatic experiences, trauma-related disorders and risk factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD in a population-based Lithuanian sample using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Methods: The study sample included 885 participants (age M[ SD] = 37.96 [14.67], 63.4% female). The Life Events Checklist was used to measure trauma exposure, PTSD and CPTSD symptoms were measured by the Lithuanian ITQ version. The Disclosure of Trauma Questionnaire (DTQ) was used to measure the urge or reluctance to talk about trauma. Results: The prevalence of at least one traumatic experience in the study sample was 81.4%. The prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD among the general population in Lithuania was 5.8% and 1.8%, respectively. Accumulative lifetime trauma exposure, sexual assault and assault with a weapon were significant predictors for both PTSD and CPTSD. Participants from the CPTSD group reported greater reluctance to disclose trauma and stronger emotional reactions than no diagnosis and PTSD groups. Results also indicate that the Lithuanian ITQ version is a valid measure for screening PTSD and CPTSD in the general population. Conclusion: Previous history of trauma and interpersonal trauma were associated with posttraumatic stress disorders but did not differentiate between PTSD and CPTSD in our study. However, social trauma-related factors, such as trauma disclosure, were associated with stronger CPTSD symptoms.

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“…In the present study, exposure to traumatic experience was considered if participants responded with either 1 (= “happened to me”) or 2 (= “witnessed it”). The Lithuanian version of LEC-5 has been validated and used earlier ( 28 , 29 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 3-Month Follow-Up

Dumarkaitė

Truskauskaitė‐Kunevičienė

Andersson

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectivesMindfulness-based interventions have recently been shown to be a promising option for treating posttraumatic stress. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of an online mindfulness-based intervention on ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms at a 3-month follow-up.MethodsAn RCT design with three measurement points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up) was used to investigate the effects of an 8-week online mindfulness intervention. In total, 53 traumatized young adults (Mage = 23.21, SDage = 2.81; 84.9% female) participated in the study: 17 in the intervention group and 36 in the waiting list control group.ResultsIntervention group and waiting list control group comparison revealed that the intervention was effective for reducing CPTSD disturbances in self-organization symptoms (d = −0.84 [−1.44; −0.24]), specifically, negative self-concept (d = −0.66 [−1.25; −0.07]) and disturbances in relationships (d = −0.87 [−1.47; −0.27]), at 3-month follow-up. There were no between-group effects for PTSD symptoms from pre-test to follow-up.ConclusionThis is one of the first RCT studies to report follow-up effects of an online mindfulness-based intervention for ICD-11 PTSD or CPTSD symptoms. Our study yielded that the effects of mindfulness-based internet intervention on CPTSD symptoms tend to retain over time.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number: NCT04333667; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04333667). Registered April 3, 2020.

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Does Trauma Shape Identity? Exploring the Links Between Lifetime Trauma Exposure and Identity Status in Emerging Adulthood

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: a cross-cultural study in Japan and Lithuania

Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: a cross-cultural study in Japan and Lithuania

Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in the Lithuanian general population

The Effects of Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 3-Month Follow-Up

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