Does Tinnitus Lead to Depression?

Temügan, Esra; Yildirım, Rabia B; Onat, Hümeyra; Susuz, Merve; Elden, Cemre; Ünsal, Selim; Gumus, Nebi Mustafa; Kaya, Mesut

doi:10.25011/cim.v39i6.27505

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The depressive symptoms were also assessed by using different multi-item questionnaires. The BDI was used in 15 studies ( 42 , 52 – 54 , 60 – 63 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 69 , 74 ), HADS-D was used by seven studies ( 43 – 46 , 59 , 71 , 72 ), CES-D by four studies ( 16 , 51 , 55 , 73 ), SDS by three studies ( 47 , 50 , 58 ), SCL-90R ( 48 , 56 ). The MMPI and the PHQ-9 were both used once in two different studies ( 49 , 57 ) ( Tables 4–6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Chronic Tinnitus Distress and Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesIn this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the evidence regarding the correlation between tinnitus distress and the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic tinnitus. Also, the prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms scores in patients with chronic tinnitus was evaluated.MethodsWe performed a systematic review in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library in June 2021 using the terms “depression” and “tinnitus,” and their synonyms, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were selected on relevance and critically appraised regarding risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottowa Quality Assessment Scale.ResultsA total of 1,912 articles were screened on title and abstract after the removal of the duplicates. Eventually, 33 (1.5%) articles were included for the final analysis. Only cross-sectional cohort studies and case–control studies with a low level of evidence and a high risk of bias due to the study design and patient selection were found. Statistically significant correlations between the experienced tinnitus distress and depressive symptoms were reported in 31 out of 33 studies. Clinically relevant depression scores had a prevalence of 4.6–41.7%.ConclusionsIn this systematic review, in which mostly cross-sectional studies were included, a statistically significant correlation was found between the experienced tinnitus distress and the reported severity of symptoms of depression in patients with chronic tinnitus. A wide range of clinically relevant depression scores were reported in included studies. Due to the high risk of bias of included studies it is not possible to provide a definite answer on the existence of this relationship. Future population-based studies are necessary to provide more clarity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Chronic Tinnitus Distress and Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…Depression was related to tinnitus with normal hearing in the current study. Several previous studies have reported elevated rates of depression in patients with tinnitus [ 17 , 18 ]. A cross-sectional study using a national health survey demonstrated 4.8-fold higher odds of depression in patients with tinnitus (95% CI = 3.5–6.7, p < 0.001) [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the study did not consider the level of hearing of the participants; thus, the influence of hearing loss in tinnitus could not be distinguished from the relationship between tinnitus and depression. Another study demonstrated a positive correlation between tinnitus and symptoms of depression [ 18 ]. Specifically, the frequency of tinnitus correlated with depression ( r = 0.6, p = 0.001), and the intensity correlated with the Beck Depression Scale ( r = 0.28, p = 0.13) [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study demonstrated a positive correlation between tinnitus and symptoms of depression [ 18 ]. Specifically, the frequency of tinnitus correlated with depression ( r = 0.6, p = 0.001), and the intensity correlated with the Beck Depression Scale ( r = 0.28, p = 0.13) [ 18 ]. However, the study included a small population size ( n = 44) without a control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Tinnitus with Depression in a Normal Hearing Population

2021

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Background and Objectives: The relationship between depression in tinnitus patients without hearing loss remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between tinnitus and normal hearing and depression. Materials and Methods: Participants aged ≥12 years with normal hearing levels were recruited from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2009–2012. Participants with normal hearing were divided into the tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups. The relationship between tinnitus with normal hearing and variables including age, sex, depression, ischemic heart diseases, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic renal disease, noise exposure, and depression were analyzed. The odds of depression for tinnitus with normal hearing were estimated using multiple logistic regression tests with complex sampling. Results: The results showed that 4.9% (107/2221) and 2.8% (290/10,316) of participants in the tinnitus group and the non-tinnitus group, respectively, experienced depression (p < 0.001). Sex, ischemic heart disease, dyslipidemia, noise exposure, and depression were positively related to tinnitus with normal hearing. The odds ratio of depression for tinnitus with normal hearing were 1.89 (95% CI 1.37–2.60, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tinnitus with normal hearing was related to the female sex, ischemic heart disease, dyslipidemia, noise exposure, and depression. Depression had the highest odds of tinnitus with normal hearing.

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“…Individuals with tinnitus were determined to have higher mean scores for depressive symptoms than healthy individuals. A large-scale study conducted in America included approximately 21.4 million, wherein those with tinnitus (anxiety in 26.1% and depressive symptoms in 25.6%) were higher than those without (anxiety in 9.2% and depressive symptoms in 9.1%) 23 , 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Childhood Traumas, Depressive Symptoms, and Dissociative Experiences in Tinnitus Cases

Altıntaş¹,

Şarlak²,

Öztürk³

et al. 2021

MMJ

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Objective: Tinnitus is described as the perceived sound without any external stimulus and is a common problem, but its mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate childhood traumas and dissociative experiences, which may be predisposing factors in patients with tinnitus. Methods: The study included 90 voluntary patients (45 patients with tinnitus and 45 in the control group) aged older than 18 years who applied to the otorhinolaryngology clinic between November 2018 and February 2019 and were diagnosed with subjective tinnitus. A personal information form together with childhood trauma, hospital anxiety and depression, and dissociative experiences scales were used to assess the patients. Results: Of all participants, 55.60% were males, 28.90% were 20-30 years old, 71.10% were married, 40% were primary school graduates, and 68.90% were employed. In addition, 77.78% of patients did not visit a psychiatrist and 75.56% did not have any chronic diseases. The mean total score of Childhood Trauma Scale for the tinnitus group was 54.37±10.17, the mean total score of The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for the tinnitus group in the depression subscale was 12.22±5.41 and in the anxiety subscale was 10.54±3.5, and Dissociative Experiences was 13.48±4.68. A positive significant relationship was found between the childhood traumas of the tinnitus cases in their depressive symptoms, and dissociative experiences (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study results found a positive relationship between the childhood traumas and dissociative experiences of tinnitus cases, which can be considered as predisposing factors in patients with tinnitus who should also be investigated for childhood trauma, and the treatment approach should be multidisciplinary.

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Does Tinnitus Lead to Depression?

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Correlation Between Chronic Tinnitus Distress and Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review

Correlation Between Chronic Tinnitus Distress and Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review

Association of Tinnitus with Depression in a Normal Hearing Population

Evaluation of Childhood Traumas, Depressive Symptoms, and Dissociative Experiences in Tinnitus Cases

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