Does the Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy Affect Pregnancy Outcomes?

Gaither, Kimberly H.; Huber, Larissa R. Brunner; Thompson, Michael; Huet-Hudson, Yvette M.

doi:10.1007/s10995-008-0361-1

Cited by 33 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Notably, the use of more than one type of NRT during pregnancy was associated with a small, but not statistically significant, reduction in birthweight (10.7 grams per week). Using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), investigators in the United States noted that among 5716 women who self-reported smoking during pregnancy, women who had been prescribed NRT had about twice the risk of low birth weight (odds ratio of 1.95) and preterm birth (odds ratio of 2.04) compared with non-smokers [38]. These results are confounded by the high likelihood that women prescribed NRT were heavier smokers during pregnancy.…”

Section: Pharmacotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Gadomski

2010

Curr Cardio Risk Rep

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Smoking cessation during and after pregnancy can confer many health benefits to women and their children. Smoking behavior can fluctuate from quitting or reducing during the first trimester to relapses later in pregnancy and postpartum. Abstinence during pregnancy is associated with level of addiction, socioeconomic status, level of education, maternal age, age to start smoking, partner's smoking habit, and secondhand smoke exposure. Low-barrier interventions that reach impoverished and disadvantaged women who are most at risk for smoking and also have the hardest time quitting are needed. At a minimum, pregnant smokers should be offered self-help materials and a 10-minute face-to-face psychosocial intervention. Offering incentives to pregnant women to quit smoking is the most effective intervention. Data are inconclusive regarding the efficacy of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy during pregnancy and postpartum. Because there are also safety concerns about fetal exposure, the use of pharmacotherapy for pregnant women remains controversial.

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Section: Pharmacotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Gadomski

2010

Curr Cardio Risk Rep

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“…Asian/Pacific Islander smokers were the least likely among all of the minority groups to visit a physician (Tong et al, 2011) and receive advice to quit smoking (Chen & Hawks, 1995; Tong et al, 2011). African American, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander smokers were less likely to use NRT, compared to White counterparts (Trinidad et al, 2011), and the same applies to pregnant smokers of these minority groups (Gaither et al, 2009). African American smokers were the least likely to have a complete home smoking ban, while Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander smokers were the most likely to have a complete home smoking ban (Trinidad et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Systematic Review of Interventions for Racial/Ethnic-Minority Pregnant Smokers

Washio

Cassey

2014

J. Smok Cessat

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Introduction Large disparities exist in smoking rates during pregnancy by racial/ethnic status. Aims The current review examined controlled studies that predominantly included racial/ethnic-minority pregnant smokers for providing smoking cessation treatment. Methods Two authors independently conducted the literature searches in the standard databases using a combination of the keywords with minority, pregnancy, smoking, and cessation identifiers. Results The searches identified nine articles that met the inclusion criteria. Only two studies exclusively targeted specific minority groups. Most of them provided some form of brief smoking cessation counseling, with two combining with incentives and one combining with pharmacotherapy. Two studies provided intensive cognitive interventions. Pregnant smokers of American Indian or Alaska Native, Hispanic subgroups, and Asian or Pacific Islander are under-studied. Conclusions Future studies to treat minority pregnant smokers could target under-studied minority groups and may need to directly and intensely target smoking behavior, address cultural and psychosocial issues in an individualized and comprehensive manner, and analyze cost-benefit of an intervention.

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“…Smoking in pregnancy is related to several adverse outcomes for both mothers and their children 1,2. In the UK, 26% of mothers smoke directly before or during their pregnancy, and 12% continue to smoke throughout 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was initially contraindicated during pregnancy because of a lack of evidence for its safety 8. To date there is no conclusive evidence on its effectiveness during pregnancy,9 and studies of NRT safety during pregnancy are inconclusive 2,10–12. Nevertheless, expert consensus is that NRT is likely to be less harmful than smoking during pregnancy and, with various caveats, NRT has been recommended by international guidelines when smoking cessation without NRT is unsuccessful 13–16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescribing of nicotine replacement therapy in and around pregnancy: a population-based study using primary care data

et al. 2014

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BackgroundLicensing arrangements for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in the UK were broadened in 2005 to allow prescribing to pregnant smokers. However, estimates of NRT prescribing in pregnant females in the UK are currently lacking.AimTo assess trends in NRT prescribing around pregnancy, and variation in prescribing by maternal characteristics.Design and settingPopulation-based descriptive study using pregnancy data from The Health Improvement Network primary care database, 2001–2012.MethodNRT prescriptions were identified during pregnancy and in the 9 months before and after. Annual prescribing prevalence was calculated. Logistic regression was used to assess females’ likelihood of receiving prescriptions by maternal characteristics.ResultsOf 388 142 pregnancies studied, NRT was prescribed in 7551 for an average duration of 2 weeks. The prescribing prevalence of NRT increased from 0.03% (0.7% in smokers) in 2001 to 2.6% (11.4% in smokers) in 2005, after which it remained stable. Prescribing prevalence of NRT before and after pregnancy was half the prevalence during pregnancy. The odds of prescribing NRT during pregnancy in smokers increased with socioeconomic deprivation (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.45 in the most compared with the least deprived group). Prescribing was 33% higher in pregnant smokers with asthma (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.45) and mental illness (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.23 to 1.44) compared with smokers without these diagnoses.ConclusionNRT prescribing is higher during pregnancy compared with before and after, and is higher in smokers from more socioeconomically deprived groups, those with asthma or those diagnosed mental illness.

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Does the Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy Affect Pregnancy Outcomes?

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Smoking and Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Smoking and Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Systematic Review of Interventions for Racial/Ethnic-Minority Pregnant Smokers

Prescribing of nicotine replacement therapy in and around pregnancy: a population-based study using primary care data

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