Does the three-dimensional capillary wave model lead to a universally valid and pathology-free description of the liquid-vapor interface nearg=0? a controversial point of view

Chemical Reactions and Solvation at Liquid Interfaces: A Microscopic Perspective

“…A procedure for deriving a capillary wave Hamiltonian, which provides a rigorous justification for these calculations, has been discussed by Weeks. 91 Other issues related to the microscopic foundation of this model and its scaling behavior in different limits have been discussed, [92][93][94] but they are outside the scope of this review.…”

“…A procedure for deriving a capillary wave Hamiltonian, which provides a rigorous justification for these calculations, has been discussed by Weeks − but they are outside the scope of this review. …”

Modifications of the Ornstein–Zernike relation and the LMBW equations in the canonical ensemble via Hilbert-space methods

“…Frequently the external gravitational potential is represented by a linear term, v s (r ) := mgz, namely ∇v s (r ) = mge z (12) (e z being the unit vector in z-direction). While for infinite systems one has to take into account the unboundedness from below of such a linear term, everything is well defined for a finite volume.…”

“…In that case one has to control the uniformity of convergence of various expressions in this limit which is typically lost. For more discussion in this direction see also [12] or [13] and further references therein.…”

Reactivity and Dynamics at Liquid Interfaces

“…While the issue of the existence of the interface at zero gravity is not completely clear, 147 using Eq. 14 for systems with sizes typically used in computer simulations is acceptable because for these systems ! "…”