Does the Mediterranean diet reduce the odds of diabetic nephropathy in women? A case–control study

Abstract

BackgroundIn recent decades, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes is increasing. One of the major complications of diabetes is diabetic nephropathy (DN), so it is important to find a way that can delay or control the onset of DN. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MED) and the odds of DN.MethodsThis case–control study was performed among 210 women (30–65 years) who were referred to the Kowsar Diabetes Clinic in Semnan, Iran. Biochemical variables and anthropometric measurements were assessed. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate dietary intakes. Data from dietary intakes based on the FFQ were used to evaluate the MED score. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations.ResultsOur results showed that in the crude model with higher adherence to the MED (OR: 0.272; 95% CI: 0.154, 0.481; P = 0.001), the odds of DN has reduced by 73%, and in model 1, after controlling for potential confounders, with higher adherence to the MED (OR: 0.239; 95% CI: 0.128, 0.447; P = 0.001), the odds of DN has reduced by 76% compared to low adherence. Also, in model 1, significant associations were observed between high consumption of grains (OR: 0.360; 95% CI: 0.191, 0.676; P = 0.001), legumes (OR: 0.156; 95% CI: 0.083, 0.292; P = 0.001), vegetables (OR: 0.273; 95% CI: 0.149, 0.501; P = 0.001), fruits (OR: 0.179; 95% CI: 0.093, 0.347; P = 0.001), fish (OR: 0.459; 95% CI: 0.254, 0.827; P = 0.01), and reduced odds of DN (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe observed that with higher adherence to the MED, the odds of DN had reduced through mechanisms. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Prevalence and factors associated with multimorbidity in adults in Brazil, according to sex: a population-based cross-sectional survey

“…We found an inverse association between recommended fruit and vegetable consumption and multimorbidity, regardless of sex. Evidence suggests that high consumption of fruits and vegetables is a protective factor for several NCDs, such as obesity ( 89 ), ischemic stroke ( 90 ), and diabetes ( 91 ), contrary to our findings. This can be explained by the following factors: (i) information on the recommended fruit and vegetable consumption is self-reported in the NHS.…”

The Association between Plant-Based Dietary Index and Odds of Diabetic Nephropathy in Women: A Case-Control Study

“…Recent studies have suggested that there is an inverse association between following a plant-based diet (PBD) and the risk of T2DM and its secondary outcomes. In addition, several high-quality dietary strategies, such as Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Diet Diversity Score (DDS), and Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) containing less processed food and rich in plant-based food are associated with delayed progression of DN (14)(15)(16).…”