Does the Harvesting Site Influence the Osteogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells?

Abstract

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) represents one of the commonest surgical procedures in the orthopedic field. Osteointegration of the implant with native bone is essential for an optimal result; thus, the quality of the patient’s bone surrounding the implant (i.e., the bone stock) is crucial. However, in some cases, the bone stock is insufficient and needs to be improved with autologous grafts rich in multipotent cells (i.e., from the iliac crest, from the head of the femur, or from the subchondral bone harvested from the acetabulum) or allogenic frozen bone. It is not known if the harvesting site may influence the osteogenic potential of these cells. Thus, our aim was to characterize and compare multipotent cells collected from the bone marrow, acetabular subchondral bone, and trabecular bone on the femoral head with a focus on osteogenic differentiation. The cells from three sources had a fibroblast-like phenotype and expressed surface antigens CD73, CD90, and CD105 and are negative to CD11b, CD34, and CD45. Although all these cells could be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, they displayed different differentiation potentials. In osteogenic differentiation condition, the cells from the acetabulum had the lowest accumulation of calcium deposit while the cells originated from the bone marrow and femur created a considerably increased amount of the deposit. These findings were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In chondrogenic and adipogenic conditions, bone marrow cells possessed a predominant differential capacity compared with the others, illustrated by high collagen type II expression together with a cartilage-like lacuna structure and the presence of fat-specific markers, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing and demonstrating that the progenitor cells obtained from diverse surgical sites in hip replacement procedure share common characteristics of MSC but differ about plasticity and may provide rational for clinical application in cell therapy and bone grafting. The project number L1033 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03369457.

P53 and Parkin co-regulate mitophagy in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to promote the repair of early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

“…BMSCs are used to treat early steroid-induced ONFH [43][44][45] ; their survival and stemness in the bone necrotic area are key to the effectiveness of transplantation 46,47 . Studies have revealed an OS microenvironment in the femoral-head necrotic area in which transplanted BMSCs incur a great deal of stress apoptosis and aging, which seriously limits transplantation effectiveness [11][12][13] .…”

Ceramic Scaffolds in a Vacuum Suction Handle for Intraoperative Stromal Cell Enrichment

“…Therefore, differences in the harvested cells and growth factors might be based on the place of origin. In a recent published study, it was demonstrated that MSCs from the femur possess significantly higher osteogenic potential compared to the acetabulum [ 61 ]. Since, in both procedures (hip and knee replacement surgery), bone marrow from the femur is gathered, the different surgical locations may not be crucial for different results.…”

Bone marrow from periacetabular osteotomies as a novel source for human mesenchymal stromal cells

“…Similar to our findings, Sanchez-Guijo et al did not find significant differences when comparing the multilineage differentiation potential of BM-MSCs obtained from trabecular bone of the femoral head versus from iliac crest bone marrow aspiration [ 36 ]. Comparing BM-MSCs isolated from femoral bone fragments and pieces of subchondral bone from the acetabulum, Nguyen et al reported comparable results with regard to adipogenic differentiation but significantly less calcium deposits following osteogenic differentiation of cells isolated from the subchondral bone of the acetabulum [ 49 ]. Given our contrary findings in view of osteogenic differentiation, it is important to clarify that the area where the bone material was taken during PAO does not correspond to the area of subchondral bone used in the above-mentioned study.…”