Does the Gut Microbiota Influence Immunity and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology?

Adamczyk-Sowa, Monika; Medrek, Aldona; Madej, Paulina; Michlicka, Wirginia; Dobrakowski, Paweł

doi:10.1155/2017/7904821

Cited by 60 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Psuedomonas, Haemophilus, Blautia, and Dorea genera were detected to be increased in MS patients, while Parabacteroides, Adlercreutzia and Prevotella genera were much lower [219]. Clostridiales order were restored after MS treatment with glatiramer acetate including Bacteroidaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillaceae, and Clostridium [226]. Ochoa-Reparaz et al unraveled that oral administration of antibiotics can delay the pathogenesis of EAE.…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders

Zhu

Jiang

et al. 2020

J Neuroinflammation

300

213

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There is increasing evidence showing that the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota can alter brain physiology and behavior. Cognition was originally thought to be regulated only by the central nervous system. However, it is now becoming clear that many non-nervous system factors, including the gut-resident bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract, regulate and influence cognitive dysfunction as well as the process of neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular diseases. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors including dietary habits can regulate the composition of the microbiota. Microbes release metabolites and microbiota-derived molecules to further trigger host-derived cytokines and inflammation in the central nervous system, which contribute greatly to the pathogenesis of host brain disorders such as pain, depression, anxiety, autism, Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Change of blood-brain barrier permeability, brain vascular physiology, and brain structure are among the most critical causes of the development of downstream neurological dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the following parts: Overview of technical approaches used in gut microbiome studies Microbiota and immunity Gut microbiota and metabolites Microbiota-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction Neuropsychiatric diseases ■ Stress and depression ■ Pain and migraine ■ Autism spectrum disorders Neurodegenerative diseases ■ Parkinson's disease ■ Alzheimer's disease ■ Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ■ Multiple sclerosis

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Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders

Zhu

Jiang

et al. 2020

J Neuroinflammation

300

213

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the invasion of the central nervous system by immune cells (i.e. CD4 and CD8 T cells, B cells and activated monocytes), resulting in the demyelination of neurones and subsequent pathology . Patients affected by MS exhibit a decrease in the percentage of several Bacteroides (i.e .…”

Section: Microbiome and Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome in autoimmune diseases

Luca

Shoenfeld

2018

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

370

241

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SummaryThe microbiome is represented by microorganisms which live in a symbiotic way with the mammalian. Microorganisms have the ability to influence different physiological aspects such as the immune system, metabolism and behaviour. In recent years, several studies have highlighted the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Notably, in systemic lupus erythematosus an alteration of the intestinal flora (lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) has been described. Conversely, changes to the gut commensal and periodontal disease have been proposed as important factors in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. At the same time, other autoimmune diseases (i.e. systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome and anti-phospholipid syndrome) also share modifications of the microbiome in the intestinal tract and oral flora. Herein, we describe the role of the microbiome in the maintenance homeostasis of the immune system and then the alterations of the microorganisms that occur in systemic autoimmune diseases. Finally, we will consider the use of probiotics and faecal transplantation as novel therapeutic targets.

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“…Advancements in culture-independent analysis, through improved DNA sequencing technology, have led to remarkable progress in our understanding of the roles of the gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases. Microbiome profiling, using 16S rRNA and metagenomic shotgun sequencing technologies, has been performed for several autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, including MS [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], type 1 diabetes (T1D) [30,31], inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [32,33], celiac disease [34,35], and rheumatoid arthritis [36][37][38]. The consensus of these studies is that patients with autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases exhibit microbial dysbiosis, i.e., an alteration in the composition of the microbial community characterized by a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful bacteria (pathobionts).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Gut Feeling”: Breaking Down the Role of Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis

2018

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential factor in the development of MS, with a number of studies having shown that patients with MS exhibit gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiota helps the host remain healthy by regulating various functions, including food metabolism, energy homeostasis, maintenance of the intestinal barrier, inhibition of colonization by pathogenic organisms, and shaping of both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Alteration of the gut microbiota, and subsequent changes in its metabolic network that perturb this homeostasis, may lead to intestinal and systemic disorders such as MS. Here we discuss the findings of recent MS microbiome studies and potential mechanisms through which gut microbiota can predispose to, or protect against, MS. These findings highlight the need of an improved understanding of the interactions between the microbiota and host for developing therapies based on gut commensals with which to treat MS.

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Does the Gut Microbiota Influence Immunity and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology?

Cited by 60 publications

References 127 publications

The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders

The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders

The microbiome in autoimmune diseases

The “Gut Feeling”: Breaking Down the Role of Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis

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