Does the Gendered Approach of Bystander Programs Matter in the Prevention of Sexual Assault Among Adolescents and College Students? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kettrey, Heather Hensman; Marx, Robert

doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01503-1

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A broad range of evidence-based interventions has been designed and implemented in the U.S. (see DeGue et al, 2014 ; Orchowski et al, 2020 , for reviews), but their applicability in other cultures has not been tested. In addition to approaches designed to promote bystander interventions in situations that carry the risk of a sexual assault (Kettrey & Marx, 2019 ), interventions should be developed that reduce the odds that such situations arise in the first place. First evidence collected in Germany about the modifiability of risk factors for perpetration and vulnerability factors for victimization has yielded promising results for designing theory-based intervention programs (Schuster et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a German University Student Sample

2021

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This study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a sample of 1,172 students (755 female, 417 male) from four universities in Germany. All participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14 years, using the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Prevalence rates were established for different coercive strategies, sexual acts, and victim–perpetrator relationships. Both same-sex and opposite-sex victim–perpetrator constellations were examined. The overall victimization rate was 62.1% for women and 37.5% for men. The overall perpetration rate was 17.7% for men and 9.4% for women. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners than for participants with exclusively opposite-sex partners. Significant overlap was found between victim and perpetrator status for men and women as well as for participants with only opposite-sex and both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. A disparity between (higher) victimization and (lower) perpetration reports was found for both men and women, suggesting a general underreporting of perpetration rather than a gendered explanation in terms of social desirability or the perception of consent cues. The findings are placed in the international research literature on the prevalence of sexual aggression before and after the #metoo campaign, and their implications for prevention efforts are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a German University Student Sample

2021

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“…Our findings suggest that colleges and universities who offer specific sexual violence prevention education for those participating in higher-risk groups (e.g., fraternities and team sports) should include discussion of slutpages and image-based sexual abuse in their programming. For example, although bystander intervention programs are not effective in preventing sexual violence perpetration, they are effective for increasing bystander intervention to prevent sexual violence and harassment (Kettrey & Marx, 2019). Therefore, programs could suggest ways to intervene with friends who are visiting or posting to slutpages.…”

Section: Sexual Violence Prevention Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slutpage Use Among U.S. College Students: The Secret and Social Platforms of Image-Based Sexual Abuse

et al. 2021

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The phenomenon of "slutpages," tied to high schools, fraternities, and the military, used to post, share, and comment on nude and semi-nude images of women, has emerged in mass media. To our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically investigate slutpage use behaviors including: visiting slutpages, posting nude images/videos online without consent, and using a vault app to store/share nude images. We conducted a survey of undergraduate college students attending a large Midwestern university in the U.S., with 1867 respondents (36.4% cis/transgender men, 63.6% cisgender women; 18-24 years old M = 20.39) to determine who is engaging in slutpage use behaviors. Our results showed that younger participants and men were more likely to engage in slutpage use behaviors than older participants and women, especially if they participated in Greek Life or played a team sport for their university. Men in a fraternity or on a team sport visited slutpages and posted nude images/video online without consent more frequently than men outside these groups, or women in general. Drinking alcohol and using pornography more frequently were also associated with slutpage use behaviors. This study provides a new understanding of slutpages as a social form of image-based sexual abuse and informs researchers, educators, and policy makers to expand their inquiry into online sexual experiences and exploitation to include this phenomenon.

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“…This led to increasing professionalization and institutionalization, increasing the effectiveness of their work but narrowing and possibly depoliticizing it at the same time (Messner et al., 2015). In the United States, many such programs are now based on college campuses and aim to prevent sexual violence through consent education (McCauley et al., 2019), usually with male students educating their peers under the assumption that they will be more effective messengers; research support for this idea is mixed (Flood, 2018; Kettrey & Marx, 2019b; Peretz, 2020).…”

Section: Theories Relating Men Masculinity and Gbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All researchers pointed to the need for more methodologically rigorous evaluation research, especially calling for research: outside of the United States; outside of research university environments; connecting cognitive, behavioral, and community‐level outcomes; and considering program variables such as delivery medium (in person, video, online), theoretical underpinning, presenters' gender, audience characteristics (age, race, sexuality), and so forth (DeGue et al., 2014; Evans et al., 2019; Jouriles et al., 2018; Katz & Moore, 2013; Katz & Moore, 2013; Kettrey & Marx, 2019a, 2019b).…”

Section: Theories Relating Men Masculinity and Gbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As bystander programming is relatively novel, evaluation research is still building a foundation, but some results seem roughly consistent across the wide variety of programs and illustrate the promise of this approach (DeGue et al., 2014; Labhardt, Holdsworth, Brown, & Douglas, 2017; Storer, Casey, & Todd, 2016). Reviews and meta‐analyses generally show moderate but significant positive effects on bystander knowledge and attitudes (including reduced rape myth acceptance, an important corollary of perpetration), efficacy, and intentions, especially among peer presenters (Evans, Burroughs, & Knowlden, 2019; Jouriles et al., 2018; Katz & Moore, 2013; Kettrey & Marx, 2019a, 2019b; Storer et al., 2016). Some studies also show small positive shifts in intervention behaviors, though these are often self‐reported and therefore may be due to social desirability/demand characteristics (Jouriles et al., 2018; Katz & Moore, 2013; Kettrey & Marx, 2019a, 2019b; Storer et al., 2016).…”

Section: Theories Relating Men Masculinity and Gbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Men, masculinities, and gender‐based violence: The broadening scope of recent research

Peretz

Vidmar

2021

Sociology Compass

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Men's relationships to gender-based violence (GBV) have long been an area of sociological inquiry, but until recently men have primarily been framed as perpetrators of violence against women. More recently, research on men and GBV has broadened to include studying men as victims/survivors, as investigators and law enforcement officers, as passive or active bystanders, and as allies in working to address this social problem. We review this research in an effort to bridge these divergent bodies of work; we identify methodological trends and gaps in existing research, make recommendations for improved theoretical and methodological robustness, and suggest that research perspectives on men and GBV have shifted over time as wider understandings of gender and masculinities become more hopeful and more inclusive. While we see optimism and promise in new directions of GBV research, we urge ongoing research to retain the wisdoms and critical perspectives that marked the beginnings of GBV inquiry. K E Y W O R D S domestic violence, gender-based violence, men and masculinities, men as allies, men as victims, rape, sexual violence 1 | INTRODUCTION Over the last half-century, research on gender-based violence (GBV) has expanded dramatically as scholars work to better understand the phenomena and thereby contribute to addressing GBV more effectively. In this article, we use GBV to include primarily physical sexual violence (i.e., rape, sexual assault, and so forth), intimate partner violence, and sexual coercion, but also other forms of interpersonal physical and non-physical violence imposed on

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Does the Gendered Approach of Bystander Programs Matter in the Prevention of Sexual Assault Among Adolescents and College Students? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 41 publications

References 53 publications

Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a German University Student Sample

Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a German University Student Sample

Slutpage Use Among U.S. College Students: The Secret and Social Platforms of Image-Based Sexual Abuse

Men, masculinities, and gender‐based violence: The broadening scope of recent research

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