Does the Experience of Discrimination Affect Health? A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Elders

Chun, Heeran; Kang, Minah; Cho, Sung-Il; Jung-Choi, Kyunghee; Jang, Soong-Nang; Khang, Young-Ho

doi:10.1177/1010539513506602

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…On the other hand, the experience of discrimination played a negative role in achieving SA in Koreans. Indeed, Chun et al 19 described in their study that 23.5% of older Koreans reported the experience of discrimination based on education, age, birthplace, or gender, and these experiences highly predicted depressive symptoms and a poor self-rated health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Successful Aging in South Korean Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review

Kim

Park

2017

Asia Pac J Public Health

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The purpose of this study was to examine the factors contributing to achieving successful aging (SA) among the Korean older population and identified the strength of each factor's contribution to SA. We extensively searched 4 Korean and 3 English online databases, extracting a total of 64 studies for the analysis. Finally, 42 associated factors and 347 correlation coefficients were found, which were then categorized into 5 domains: functional, psychological, familial, social, and demographic. The psychological domain had the highest effect size. This was followed, in descending order, by the social, functional and familial, and demographic domains. Importantly, the familial domain, which has not been explored in many existing SA models, emerged as a notable predictor. This study is meaningful in terms of understanding one of the minority older populations more deeply and providing stronger evidence for developing evidence-based intervention programs for Korean older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Successful Aging in South Korean Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review

Kim

Park

2017

Asia Pac J Public Health

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“…For example, in a study of Korean elders, the health impacts of education discrimination were the most prominent; however, men reported education discrimination more frequently than women. 26 Given that actual levels of education are lower in disadvantaged populations, they may also perceive more education discrimination. This is an interesting line of research and suggests education discrimination should be investigated in addition to racial or gender discrimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effect of Race, Education, Gender, and Language Discrimination on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Reynolds

Walker

Campbell

et al. 2015

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

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Background: Discrimination has been linked to negative health outcomes, but little research has investigated different types of discrimination to determine if some have a greater impact on outcomes. We examined the differential effect of discrimination based on race, level of education, gender, and language on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients and Methods: Six hundred two patients with type 2 diabetes from two adult primary care clinics in the southeastern United States completed validated questionnaires. Questions included perceived discrimination because of race/ethnicity, level of education, sex/gender, or language. A multiple linear regression model assessed the differential effect of each type of perceived discrimination on glycemic control while adjusting for relevant covariates, including race, site, gender, marital status, duration of diabetes, number of years in school, number of hours worked per week, income, and health status. Results: The mean age was 61.5 years, and the mean duration of diabetes was 12.3 years. Of the sample, 61.6% were men, and 64.9% were non-Hispanic black. In adjusted models, education discrimination remained significantly associated with glycemic control (b = 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.03, 0.92). Race, gender and language discrimination were not significantly associated with poor glycemic control in either unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Conclusions: Discrimination based on education was found to be significantly associated with poor glycemic control. The findings suggest that education discrimination may be an important social determinant to consider when providing care to patients with type 2 diabetes and should be assessed separate from other types of discrimination, such as that based on race.

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“…In the mental-illness domain (outside of work environments), 95.5% of the 44 studies and 93.2% of the 88 associations found evidence of ageism influencing psychiatric conditions. The most frequently examined condition, depressive symptoms, showed evidence that ageism was associated with onset and lifetime depression, as well as increases in depressive symptoms over time [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. Reflecting a hopeful finding in this area, researchers found that when older persons resisted negative age stereotypes, they were less likely to experience suicidal ideation, anxiety, and PTSD in a nationally representative sample of American veterans [84].…”

Section: Impact Of Ageism On Health Of Older Persons: Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global reach of ageism on older persons’ health: A systematic review

et al. 2020

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Objective Although there is anecdotal evidence of ageism occurring at both the structural level (in which societal institutions reinforce systematic bias against older persons) and individual level (in which older persons take in the negative views of aging of their culture), previous systematic reviews have not examined how both levels simultaneously influence health. Thus, the impact of ageism may be underestimated. We hypothesized that a comprehensive systematic review would reveal that these ageism levels adversely impact the health of older persons across geography, health outcomes, and time. Method A literature search was performed using 14 databases with no restrictions on region, language, and publication type. The systematic search yielded 13,691 papers for screening, 638 for full review, and 422 studies for analyses. Sensitivity analyses that adjusted for sample size and study quality were conducted using standardized tools. The study protocol is registered (PROSPERO CRD42018090857). Results Ageism led to significantly worse health outcomes in 95.5% of the studies and 74.0% of the 1,159 ageism-health associations examined. The studies reported ageism effects in all 45 countries, 11 health domains, and 25 years studied, with the prevalence of significant findings increasing over time (p < .0001). A greater prevalence of significant ageism-health findings was found in less-developed countries than more-developed countries (p = .0002). Older persons who were less educated were particularly likely to experience adverse health effects of ageism. Evidence of ageism was found across the age, sex, and race/ethnicity of the targeters (i.e., persons perpetrating ageism).

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Does the Experience of Discrimination Affect Health? A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Elders

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Correlates of Successful Aging in South Korean Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review

Correlates of Successful Aging in South Korean Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review

Differential Effect of Race, Education, Gender, and Language Discrimination on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Global reach of ageism on older persons’ health: A systematic review

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