Does the EU migration level of chromium VI in toys need to be lowered?

Bartoňová, Alena; Beausoleil, Claire; Carroquino, Maria J.; Voogt, P. de; Duarte‐Davidson, Raquel; Fernandes, Tainan da Fonseca; Gzyl, Jadwiga; Janssen, Colin; Linders, Jan; Schoeters, Greet; Krätke, R.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.029

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The presence of Cr(VI) in toys sold in the European Union (EU) is strictly limited by the Toy Safety Directive (2009/48/EC) which ensures the safety of children by minimizing their exposure to potentially hazardous or toxic toy products, bearing in mind the young children’s tendency to mouth objects [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Part 3 of the standard—EN71-3+A1:2014-12—entitled “Migration of certain elements” subsequently outlines the migration limits of 18 elements from various categories of toy products, to enable the testing of toys for its compliance with legal provisions [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Toy materials are divided into three categories: I: Dry, brittle powder-like or pliable materials; II: Liquid or sticky materials; III: Coatings and scraped-off materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Hazardous Elements in Children Toys: Multi-Elemental Determination by Chromatography and Spectrometry Methods

Karaś

Frankowski

2018

Molecules

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This paper presents the results of determination of hazardous metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and metalloid (As, Sb) levels in toys available in the Polish market. Two independent sample preparation methods were used to determine the concentration and content of the metals and metalloids. The first one is defined by the guidelines of the EN-71 standard and undertook extraction in 0.07 mol/L HCl. This method was used to conduct speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), as well as for the determination of selected metals and metalloids. The second method conducted mineralization in a HNO3 and H2O2 mixture using microwave energy to determine the content of metals and metalloids. Determination of chromium forms was made using the high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) method, while those of metals and metalloids were made using the ICP-MS technique. Additionally, in order to determine total content of chromium in toys, an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX) was used. The results of the analyses showed that Cr(VI) was not detected in the toys. In general, the content of heavy metals and metalloids in the studied samples was below the migration limit set by the norm EN-71.

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