Does the error negativity reflect the degree of response conflict?

Carbonnell, Laurence; Falkenstein, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.04.004

Cited by 67 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Indeed, over lapping partial-error patterns are typically taken as support for that model. If exclude recognition involves response conflict, as we claim, why do we find nonoverlapping partial errors when others report ones that overlap (e.g., Burle et al, 2005;Burle et al, 2002;Carbonnell & Falkenstein, 2006;Coles et al, 1985)? One answer can be found in a recent report by Burle et al (2008).…”

Section: Theoretical Implications Of the Present Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Although additional recent studies also call into question some of the assumptions underlying the conflictmonitoring theory (e.g., Burle et al, 2005;Carbonnell & Falkenstein, 2006), it is premature to discount a theory that so successfully accounts for such a substantial body of data. Despite Burle et al's (2008) report, it is possible that conflict occurs at multiple information-processing levels simultaneously and may manifest to different degrees at early (e.g., stimulus encoding), central (e.g., response selection, task representation), and response (e.g., motor programming) levels, depending on the task situation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These EMG patterns, averaged across trials, typically overlap (e.g., Burle, Allain, Vidal, & Hasbroucq, 2005;Burle et al, 2002;Carbonnell & Falkenstein, 2006). This pattern is used as evidence for the coactivation of competing responses predicted by conflictmonitoring theory (Botvinick et al, 2001;Burle, Roger, Allain, Vidal, & Hasbroucq, 2008).…”

Section: Behavioral Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromyographic evidence for response conflict in the exclude recognition task

Seymour

Schumacher

2009

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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Section: Theoretical Implications Of the Present Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromyographic evidence for response conflict in the exclude recognition task

Seymour

Schumacher

2009

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Before we go further in this direction, a comment is in order: The fact that there was no coactivation in the present dataset does not imply that coactivation is never obtained. As a matter of fact, Carbonnell and Falkenstein (2006) did observe overlap between response force traces on a trial-by-trial basis. Thus, the presence of overlap between response activations might well depend on the specific parameters of the task.…”

Section: Response Coactivation Conflict and Behavioral Interferencementioning

confidence: 86%

“…Reciprocally, the conflict model has been extremely influential in the N e literature because a lot of studies have used the conflict model as a general framework for interpreting their results. However, although several studies have tested the conflict interpretation of ACC activity observed in metabolic research (Brown & Braver, 2005;Egner & Hirsch, 2005), few studies have explicitly addressed the conflict model hypothesis on the N e , apart from the conflict modelers themselves ( Yeung et al, 2004;Botvinick et al, 2001; see Carbonnell & Falkenstein, 2006 for an exception). Here, we directly tested the conflict interpretation of the N e by estimating the amount of conflict on a trial-by-trial basis by analyzing partial error trials (Figure 1) that allow, on a single-trial basis, to track the activation of incorrect and correct responses.…”

Section: N E and Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Negativity Does Not Reflect Conflict: A Reappraisal of Conflict Monitoring and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activity

Burle¹,

Roger²,

Allain³

et al. 2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

141

112

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Abstract& Our ability to detect and correct errors is essential for our adaptive behavior. The conflict-loop theory states that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a key role in detecting the need to increase control through conflict monitoring. Such monitoring is assumed to manifest itself in an electroencephalographic (EEG) component, the ''error negativity'' (N e or ''error-related negativity'' [ERN]). We have directly tested the hypothesis that the ACC monitors conflict through simulation and experimental studies. Both the simulated and EEG traces were sorted, on a trial-by-trial basis, as a function of the degree of conflict, measured as the temporal overlap between incorrect and correct response activations. The simulations clearly show that conflict increases as temporal overlap between response activation increases, whereas the experimental results demonstrate that the amplitude of the N e decreases as temporal overlap increases, suggesting that the ACC does not monitor conflict. At a functional level, the results show that the duration of the N e depends on the time needed to correct (partial) errors, revealing an ''on-line'' modulation of control on a very short time scale. &

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Independent component analysis of erroneous and correct responses suggests online response control

Hoffmann

Falkenstein

2010

Human Brain Mapping

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After errors in reaction tasks, a sharp negative wave emerges in the event-related potential (ERP), the error (related) negativity (Ne or ERN). However, also after correct trials, an Ne-like wave is seen, called CRN or Nc, which is much smaller than the Ne. This study tested the hypothesis whether Ne and Nc reflect the same functional process, and whether this process is linked to online response control. For this purpose, independent component analysis (ICA) was utilized with the EEG data of two types of reaction tasks: a flanker task and a mental rotation task. To control for speed-accuracy effects, speed and accuracy instructions were balanced in a between subjects design. For both tasks ICA and dipole analysis revealed one component (Ne-IC) explaining most of the variance for the difference between correct and erroneous trials. The Ne-IC showed virtually the same features as the raw postresponse ERP, being larger for erroneous compared to correct trials and for the flanker than for the rotation task. In addition, it peaked earlier for corrected than for uncorrected errors. The results favor the hypothesis that Ne and Nc reflect the same process, which is modulated by response correctness and type of task. On the basis of the literature and the present results, we assume that this process induces online response control, which is much stronger in error than correct trials and with direct rather than indirect stimulus response mapping.

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Does the error negativity reflect the degree of response conflict?

Cited by 67 publications

References 30 publications

Electromyographic evidence for response conflict in the exclude recognition task

Electromyographic evidence for response conflict in the exclude recognition task

Error Negativity Does Not Reflect Conflict: A Reappraisal of Conflict Monitoring and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activity

Independent component analysis of erroneous and correct responses suggests online response control

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