Does the Cost of Adaptation to Extremely Stressful Environments Diminish Over Time? A Literature Synthesis on How Plants Adapt to Heavy Metals and Pesticides

Wan, Justin S. H.; Pang, Clara K.; Bonser, Stephen P.

doi:10.1007/s11692-017-9419-6

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…One explanation for the absence of costs is that compensatory evolution might occur, such that any initial reduction in fitness will be rapidly recovered through the selection of compensatory mutations and/or the expression of resistance mutations in favorable genetic backgrounds (Paris et al, 2008; Darmency et al, 2015). This process has been confirmed as an important mechanism to allow recovery of fitness costs associated with antibiotic (Billal et al, 2011; Brandis et al, 2012) and insecticide resistance (Pischedda and Chippindale, 2005), and annual plants with extensive variation in fitness-related life history traits such as A. myosuroides are expected to have a considerable potential for rapid compensatory evolution and recovery of costs (Wan et al, 2017). Although study of this process in herbicide resistant plants remains scarce, Darmency et al (2015) demonstrate some evidence for compensation of costs associated with an ACCase target-site resistance mutation in A. myosuroides, suggesting that compensatory evolution can occur in this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPSPS gene amplification delayed seedling emergence and flowering, and caused reductions in competitive ability, seed number and weight of Kochia scoparia (Martin et al, 2017), and P450 mediated herbicide metabolism caused reduced growth and fecundity of Lolium rigidum (Vila-Aiub et al, 2005a, 2009a). Nevertheless, the broader conclusion arising from several decades of fitness research is that such costs are not ubiquitous, and instead can vary by organism, resistance mechanism, and even population (Tranel and Wright, 2002; Paris et al, 2008; Powles and Yu, 2010; Wan et al, 2017). Five different ALS resistance substitutions had little to no effect on acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity and plant growth rates in Lolium rigidum (Yu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in Life-History Associated With Non-target-site Herbicide Resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

et al. 2019

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The evolution of resistance to herbicides is a classic example of rapid contemporary adaptation in the face of a novel environmental stress. Evolutionary theory predicts that selection for resistance will be accompanied by fitness trade-offs in environments where the stress is absent. Alopecurus myosuroides , an autumn-germinating grass weed of cereal crops in North-West Europe, has evolved resistance to seven herbicide modes-of-action, making this an ideal species to examine the presence and magnitudes of such fitness costs. Here, we use two contrasting A. myosuroides phenotypes derived from a common genetic background, one with enhanced metabolism resistance to a commercial formulation of the sulfonylurea (ALS) actives mesosulfuron and iodosulfuron, and the other with susceptibility to these actives (S). Comparisons of plant establishment, growth, and reproductive potential were made under conditions of intraspecific competition, interspecific competition with wheat, and over a gradient of nitrogen deprivation. Herbicide dose response assays confirmed that the two lines had contrasting resistance phenotypes, with a 20-fold difference in resistance between them. Pleiotropic effects of resistance were observed during plant development, with R plants having a greater intraspecific competitive effect and longer tiller lengths than S plants during vegetative growth, but with S plants allocating proportionally more biomass to reproductive tissues during flowering. Direct evidence of a reproductive cost of resistance was evident in the nitrogen deprivation experiment with R plants producing 27% fewer seed heads per plant, and a corresponding 23% reduction in total seed head length. However, these direct effects of resistance on fecundity were not consistent across experiments. Our results demonstrate that a resistance phenotype based on enhanced herbicide metabolism has pleiotropic impacts on plant growth, development and resource partitioning but does not support the hypothesis that resistance is associated with a consistent reproductive fitness cost in this species. Given the continued difficulties associated with unequivocally detecting costs of herbicide resistance, we advocate future studies that adopt classical evolutionary quantitative genetics approaches to determine genetic correlations between resistance and fitness-related plant life history traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Life-History Associated With Non-target-site Herbicide Resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

et al. 2019

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“…Again, it is worth noting that adaptation to a simple complex of genes does not imply that long-term risks may be less relevant than those under polygenic adaptation. Indeed, pleiotropy is a common property of genomes [85], and the indirect effects of selection on numerous phenotypic traits, even those related to a single gene, are frequent, often leading to compensatory adaptations in other genes (assuming that physiological adjustments have failed to restore homeostasis) [86,87].…”

Section: Potential Role Of Evolutionary Toxicology In Ecological Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Toxicology as a Tool to Assess the Ecotoxicological Risk in Freshwater Ecosystems

Rusconi

Bettinetti

Polesello

et al. 2018

Water

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Borrowing the approaches of population genetics, evolutionary toxicology was particularly useful in assessing the transgenerational effects of a substance at sublethal concentrations, as well as evaluating genetic variation in populations exposed to pollutants. Starting from assays in controlled conditions, in recent years this approach has also found successful applications multi-stressed natural systems. It is also able to exploit the huge amount of data provided by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques. Similarly, the focus has shifted from effects on the overall genetic variability, the so-called "genetic erosion", to selective effects induced by contaminants at more specific pathways. In the aquatic context, effects are usually assessed on non-model species, preferably native fish or macroinvertebrates. Here we provide a review of current trends in this specific discipline, with a focus on population genetics and genomics approaches. In addition, we demonstrate the potential usefulness of predictive simulation and Bayesian techniques. A focused collection of field and laboratory studies is discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, covering a range of molecular markers, different endpoints of genetic variation, and different classes of chemical contaminants. Moreover, guidelines for a future implementation of evolutionary perspective into Ecological Risk Assessment are provided.

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“…; Wan et al . ). Therefore, they are predicted to have lower fitness compared to ancestral primary populations (Kawecki & Ebert ; Erfmeier et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…herbicides and toxic copper; Wan et al . ). Novel stresses are extraordinary stresses that are only encountered in rare instances, and tend to be lethal to plants (Wan et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Loss of plasticity in life‐history strategy associated with secondary invasion into stressful environments in invasive narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.)

2018

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Adaptation to changing environments is a fundamental process occurring throughout a species' range, particularly under novel and stressful conditions at the range-edges of invasive species. However, the evolutionary consequences associated with adaptation are still poorly understood. Secondary invasion into stressful areas may incur fitness costs that could limit range expansion. In addition, developmental plasticity is predicted to be lost under strong selection in stressful habitats. We assessed populations across a range transect of an invasive plant (Plantago lanceolata L.) for a loss of developmental plasticity and for adaptation costs, where there was prior expansion inland into stressful and novel areas from relatively benign areas closer to the coast. In the glasshouse, we grew plants from seed originating from two secondary invasion locations (near-edge and edge), and from the range centre location representing the area of primary invasion. Plants were exposed to high or low nutrient treatment, and novel copper stress and control (no copper) treatment to assess adaptation costs associated with secondary invasion. In addition, we compared the costs in near-edge and edge plants. Developmental plasticity in life-history traits was lost for secondary invasion plants compared to plants from the range centre. Plants from secondary invasion locations expressed a slower life-history under both nutrient treatments. In contrast, range-centre plants were able to switch to a faster life-history under high nutrient treatment. Our copper treatment had only slight effects on plants, where they expressed intermediate specific leaf area (SLA) under copper treatment. Near-edge plants had the lowest plant size and reproduction. The loss of plasticity associated with secondary invasion may have implications on evolution in range-edge populations. Phenotypic plasticity may have initially mediated ecological adaptation to stressful habitats; however, adaptation to stressful conditions can also have the consequence of inhibiting further range expansion in invasive species.

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Does the Cost of Adaptation to Extremely Stressful Environments Diminish Over Time? A Literature Synthesis on How Plants Adapt to Heavy Metals and Pesticides

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Alterations in Life-History Associated With Non-target-site Herbicide Resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

Alterations in Life-History Associated With Non-target-site Herbicide Resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

Evolutionary Toxicology as a Tool to Assess the Ecotoxicological Risk in Freshwater Ecosystems

Loss of plasticity in life‐history strategy associated with secondary invasion into stressful environments in invasive narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.)

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