Does the chloroplast envelope contain carotenoids and quinones in vivo?

Grumbach, K. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb04561.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…When the end group of an acylic carotetioid undergoes ring closure, there is a displacement of the absorption maxima to shorter wavelengths, sometimes accompanied by a loss of persistence (Davies 1976). Ftirthermore, all the main carotenoids present in thylakoid membranes are cyclic at both ends (Grumbach 1984). All this suggests that the membrane-bound carotenoid found in the present study could be cyclic; however, we were unable to find published spectral peak values (Davies 1976) which matched the observed results (Tab.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…3) to a lipid basis (assuming 1 mg protein equivalent to 1 mg lipids and an average molecular weight for lipids of 1000 daiton) the result is in the order of magnitude of between i and 2 carotenoid molecules per 1000 lipid molecules. In thylakoid membranes carotenoids are present at about 30 jig (mg protein)"' (Grumbach 1984) which works out at about 1 carotenoid molecule per 20 lipid molecules. Ramadan-Talib and Prebble (1978) observed a protective effect against photo-inactivation of quinones in mitochotidria of N, crassa at levels of carotenoids comparable to or lower than ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the cells of green plants carotenoids are present in the thyiakoid membrane (Grumbach 1984). For fungi, information on the subcellular distribution of this pigment is relatively scanty, particularly with respect to its possible association with membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The subcellular distribution of carotenoids in light‐grown Verticillium agaricinum

Hsiao¹

1984

Physiologia Plantarum

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Ke-cheng Hsiao and Ian M. Miller Hsiao, K.-C. nad M0ller, 1. M. 1984. The subcellular distribution of carotenoids in light-grownKertiaV/iiim agaricinum. -Physiol. Plant. 62: 167-174.Hyphae of light-grown V. agaricinum (Link) Corda contain many lipid bodies. The byphae were disrupted and tbe membranes immediately pelleted by a 48 000 g spin for 30 min. Tbe major part (90%) of the carotenoids was found in a lipid layer on top of the supernatant. Carotenoids extracted from the lipid layer in diethyl ether had an absorption maximum at 488 nm. On the basis of spectra in different organic solvents the main component was tentatively identified as torulene. Thin layer chromatography of extracted and saponified carotenoids revealed the presence of one major and one minor component. The 48 000 g pellet contained 80% of the NAD+-dependenl malate dehydrogenase (marker for mitrochondria), 25% of the antimycin-resistant NADH-cytochrome c reductase (marker for mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum) and 10% of the proteins and the carotenoids. The latter were different from the carolenoids in the lipid layer in that the absorption maximum was at 471 nm in diethyl ether. Further fractionation of the 48 000 g pellet showed the presence of carotenoids in both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) all with an absorption maximum at 471 nm. On a thin layer plate these carotenoids migrated in one band coinciding with the minor band of the lipid layer. On a continuous Percoll gradient two main areas of mitochondrial activity (1.068 and 1.063 g mh') were clearly separated from the ER (1.059 g mH). The carotenoid content was about 0.6 and 0.7-1.0 [ig (mg protein)-' for mitochondria and ER, respectively, equivalent to 1-2 carotenoid molecules per 1000 lipid molecules. The possible role of these membrane-bound carotenoid molecules is discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The subcellular distribution of carotenoids in light‐grown Verticillium agaricinum

Hsiao¹

1984

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…The idea was supported by the fact that among the carotenoids, lycopene exhibits the highest physical quenching rate constant with singlet oxygen, and in humans the level is higher than that of β‐carotene 1, 2. The phenomena that elevated oxidative stress by amitrole treatment led to lycopene accumulation had been observed in maize 48, 49, and barley 50. Oxidative stress induced by cupric ions also activated lycopene biosynthesis in tomato fruits 51.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative proteomics of a lycopene‐accumulating mutant reveals the important role of oxidative stress on carotenogenesis in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] osbeck)

et al. 2009

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A spontaneous sweet orange (Citrus sinenesis [L.] Osbeck) mutant 'Hong Anliu' is of high value due to lycopene accumulation in the pulp. In this study, we analyzed the proteomic alterations in the pulp of 'Hong Anliu' versus its wild type (WT) at four maturing stages by using 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF-TOF MS. Among the 74 differentially expressed proteins identified, the majority are predicted to be involved in stress response, carbohydrate/energy metabolism and regulation, or protein fate, modification and degradation. Particularly, expression levels of six anti-oxidative enzymes were altered by the mutation; and assays of their respective enzymatic activities indicated an enhanced level of oxidative stress in 'Hong Anliu', implying a regulatory role of oxidative stress on carotenogenesis. This conclusion was further confirmed by our observation that treatment of fruit pulps with tert-butylhydroperoxide (a ROS progenitor) induced lycopene accumulation in 'Hong Anliu' only. Gene expression showed that genes predicted to function upstream of lycopene biosynthesis were generally upregulated in juice sacs, but downregulated in segment membranes in both 'Hong Anliu' and its WT. The result suggests an important role of post-transcriptional regulation on carotenogenesis since lycopene was induced in 'Hong Anliu' but not WT. The result also implies that carotenogenesis in juice sacs and segment membranes of citrus fruits may be regulated by different mechanisms.

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“…The presence of carotenoids in the envelope has been disputed, mainiy by Grumbach (1984). Still, the great majority of data on the localization of piastid carotenoids, supports the conclusion that these pigments are present in the envelope membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Import of nuclear‐encoded proteins into carotenoid‐deficient young etioplasts

Dahlin

1993

Physiologia Plantarum

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Young etioplasts with different carotenoid contents were assayed for their ability to import in vitro synthesized nuclear‐encoded proteins. The plastids were isolated from the basal 1. 5cm of dark‐grown wheat seedlings developed from seeds imbibed with 4 different concentrations of Norflurazon. an inhibitor of the carotenoid biosynthesis. Plastids isolated from plants treated with the two highest concentrations. 2. 8 and 28 mg l−1, of Norflurazon contained approximately 10 and 5% of the carotenoid contents, respectively, compared to the control. The total amounts of proteins in these plastids were approximately 68 and 60% compared to control plastids. Translocation assays employing the precursors of the small subunit of ribulose 1. 5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (pSS), and the non‐Photosynthetic heat‐shock protein 21 (pHSP21), showed that the rate of protein import was considerably lower in plastids with low carotenoid contents. The amounts of imported, processed SS were 11 and 10% after 2. 8 and 28 mg 1−1, respectively, compared to the control, whereas the amounts of HSP21 at these herbicide concentrations were 20 and 18%, respectively. The low apparent import in plastids of Norflurazon‐treated leaves was not an effect of intraorganellar degradation of imported proteins, nor were there any differences in the amounts of processed, protease‐protected protein when Norflurazon was added to the import reaction using control plastids. The low import capabilities are therefore discussed in relation to the possible role of the carotenoids in the translocation of cytosolically synthesized proteins into the plastidic compartment.

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Does the chloroplast envelope contain carotenoids and quinones in vivo?

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

The subcellular distribution of carotenoids in light‐grown Verticillium agaricinum

The subcellular distribution of carotenoids in light‐grown Verticillium agaricinum

Comparative proteomics of a lycopene‐accumulating mutant reveals the important role of oxidative stress on carotenogenesis in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] osbeck)

Import of nuclear‐encoded proteins into carotenoid‐deficient young etioplasts

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