“…Moreover, this indicator is an essential basis for predicting stagnations, growths, and recessions that may occur in the economy. BDI is a strongly representative indicator due to open supply and demand forces, the number of ships using it, and the fact that containers around the world stay within a certain limit (Geman and Smith, 2012;Bildirici, Kayıkçı, and Onat, 2015;Sartorius, Sartorius, and Zuccollo, 2018). BDI is known as a measure of the state of the economy (Bakshi, Panayotov, and Skoulaki, 2011), and it is accepted as an indicator of efficiency in the maritime sector, which is very important for businesses trying to compete in a capital-intensive industry (Açık and Başer, 2018;.…”