Does Tempo of Resistance Exercise Impact Training Volume?

Wilk, Michał; Gołaś, Artur; Šťastný, Petr; Nawrocka, Monika; Krzysztofik, Michał; Zając, Adam

doi:10.2478/hukin-2018-0034

Cited by 66 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Value X for the concentric movement represents maximal movement velocity. Changes in movement tempo during resistance training impacts exercise volume, the level of generated force, muscle power, and the rate of muscle hypertrophy [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The number of REP performed at a specific tempo impacts total time under tension (TUT) in a particular set.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TUT provides accurate information about the duration of resistance effort for a set and for the entire training session. Wilk et al [44] demonstrated significant differences in TUT and REP between the 2/0/2/0 and 5/0/3/0, as well as 6/0/4/0 tempos despite using the same external load and exercise to momentary muscular failure. That study demonstrated, that a greater number of performed REP was not synonymous with longer TUT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The acute effects of caffeine intake on time under tension and power generated during the bench press movement

Wilk

Krzysztofik

Maszczyk

et al. 2019

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background: The ability to generate high levels of power is one of the key factors determining success in many sport disciplines. Although there are studies confirming ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) on different physical and mental abilities, much controversy remains about its influence on power. The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of caffeine supplementation on time under tension (TUT) and the number of performed repetitions (REP). The second objective was to determine the effects of CAF supplementation on power (P) and movement velocity (V) during the bench press movement. Additionally the authors evaluated whether CAF has a significant effect on velocity of the bar in the eccentric (ECC) phase (VE MEAN ) of the bench press movement. Methods: The study included 20 men (20-31 yrs., 87.3 ± 7.7 kg) with at least 2 years of experience in resistance training. The study participants were divided randomly into two groups: the supplemented group ingested caffeine before exercise (G CAF ), while the control group was given a placebo (G CON ). The exercise protocol consisted of performing the bench press movement with a load equal to 70%1RM with maximal possible velocity (X/0/X/0). The experimental sets were performed to momentary muscular failure. Results: The repeated measures ANOVA between the G CAF and G CON groups revealed statistically significant differences in 2 variables. Post-hoc tests demonstrated statistically significant differences in TUT when comparing the group supplemented with caffeine (13.689 s G CAF ) to the one ingesting a placebo (15.332 s G CON ) at p = 0.002. Significant differences were also observed in mean velocity during the eccentric phase of movement (0.690 m/s in the G CAF to 0.609 in G CON with p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in generated power and velocity in the CON phase of the movement between the G CAF and G CON. Conclusions: The main finding of the study is that CAF ingestion increases movement velocity of the bar in the eccentric phase of the movement, what results in shortening of the time under tension (TUT) needed for performing a specific number of repetitions, without decreasing power and velocity in the CON phase of the movement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acute effects of caffeine intake on time under tension and power generated during the bench press movement

Wilk

Krzysztofik

Maszczyk

et al. 2019

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Self Cite

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“…To date, several studies have confirmed the effect of the movement tempo on the number of repetitions performed, time under tension and exercise volume (Sakamoto & Sinclair, 2006;Wilk et al, 2018a;2018b;2018c;2019a), but the present study is the first one which analysed both the movement tempo and the width grip. Results of the present study are consistent with previous findings of Wilk et al (2019), who showed increase level of power output and bar velocity during the BP with fast movement tempo compared to slower one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Therefore, longer duration of effort can lead to greater muscle exhaustion and consequently, premature exercise fatigue. Duration of effort also referred to as time under tension, can be an indicator of exercise volume regardless of the number of repetitions performed (Wilk et al, 2018a;2018b). Three times longer duration of effort during the slow compared to the fast tempo of movement indicates higher exercise volume which is linked to greater energy expenditure during the longer ECC contraction and greater fatigue, what significantly decreases the value of power output and bar velocity during the BP with the slow compared to the fast movement tempo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since there is no standardized method of assigning these digits within the scientific literature, in this paper we adopted a unified description of the movement tempo as follows: eccentric / isometric / concentric / isometric. Previous research has shown that changes in the movement tempo during resistance exercise have an impact on the volume and intensity of effort, and in turn, the resultant adaptive changes in maximum strength, power and hypertrophy (Keeler et al, 2001;Hunter et al, 2003;Gołaś et al, 2017;Wilk et al, 2018a;2018b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of power output and bar velocity during various techniques of the bench press among women

Gepfert¹,

Filip²,

Kostrzewa³

et al. 2020

jhse

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Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the wide grip bench press (WGBP) and the close grip bench press (CGBP) on power output and bar velocity changes using a variable tempo of movement (6/0/X/0 vs. 2/0/X/0) in a group of female athletes. Objective: Twenty females were enrolled in the study (age 26.6±2.6, body mass 54.4±7.2 kg, RT experience 2.5±0.94 years; CGBP 1RM 55.2±7.5 kg; WGBP 1RM 52.9±6.5 kg). Method: Participants performed two sets of three repetitions of the bench press (BP) at 70%1RM with different grip widths (WGBP or CGBP) and different tempos of movement (2/0/X/0 or 6/0/X/0). During each test the following variables were registered: mean power (MP), peak power (PP), mean velocity (MV), and peak velocity (PV). Results: The repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences between analysed variables for MV, PV and PP. The post hoc Tukey showed significant differences between WGBPSLOW and WGBPFAST for MV (p<0.01) and PV (p<0.01), significant differences between WGBPSLOW and CGBPFAST for PP (p<0.05), MV (p<0.01) and PV (p<0.05). Finally, the study showed significant differences between CGBPSLOW and CGBPFAST for MV (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present research showed that the movement tempo significantly influenced the level of power output and bar velocity during the BP. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the type of grip width during the BP is not a factor significantly affecting the level of power output and bar velocity.

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