Does synergized pyrethrin applied over wetlands for mosquito control affect <i>Daphnia magna</i> zooplankton or C<i>allibaetis californicus</i> mayflies?

Lawler, Sharon P.; Dritz, Deborah A.; Johnson, Catherine S.; Wolder, Mike A.

doi:10.1002/ps.1575

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…It is, however, likely that a threshold for synergistic interactions exists for most synergists, and that only a few proven synergists will act as synergists at any endpoint when diluted down to realistic environmental levels. This loss of efficiency as a synergist has for example been shown for piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a known P450 inhibitor, when used to formulate pyrethroid insecticides for mosquito control [85]. In this case, adding the synergist to the aquatic environment did not increase the efficacy of the insecticide towards an aquatic crustacean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quantifying Synergy: A Systematic Review of Mixture Toxicity Studies within Environmental Toxicology

2014

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Cocktail effects and synergistic interactions of chemicals in mixtures are an area of great concern to both the public and regulatory authorities. The main concern is whether some chemicals can enhance the effect of other chemicals, so that they jointly exert a larger effect than predicted. This phenomenon is called synergy. Here we present a review of the scientific literature on three main groups of environmentally relevant chemical toxicants: pesticides, metal ions and antifouling compounds. The aim of the review is to determine 1) the frequency of synergy, 2) the extent of synergy, 3) whether any particular groups or classes of chemicals tend to induce synergy, and 4) which physiological mechanisms might be responsible for this synergy. Synergy is here defined as mixtures with minimum two-fold difference between observed and predicted effect concentrations using Concentration Addition (CA) as a reference model and including both lethal and sub-lethal endpoints. The results showed that synergy occurred in 7%, 3% and 26% of the 194, 21 and 136 binary pesticide, metal and antifoulants mixtures included in the data compilation on frequency. The difference between observed and predicted effect concentrations was rarely more than 10-fold. For pesticides, synergistic mixtures included cholinesterase inhibitors or azole fungicides in 95% of 69 described cases. Both groups of pesticides are known to interfere with metabolic degradation of other xenobiotics. For the four synergistic metal and 47 synergistic antifoulant mixtures the pattern in terms of chemical groups inducing synergy was less clear. Hypotheses in terms of mechanisms governing these interactions are discussed. It was concluded that true synergistic interactions between chemicals are rare and often occur at high concentrations. Addressing the cumulative rather than synergistic effect of co-occurring chemicals, using standard models as CA, is therefore regarded as the most important step in the risk assessment of chemical cocktails.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quantifying Synergy: A Systematic Review of Mixture Toxicity Studies within Environmental Toxicology

2014

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“…Davis and Peterson [58] demonstrated no significant impact of pyrethroids on aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates sampled after single and multiple ground-based ULV applications. Lawler et al [59] found that ground-based ULV applications of pyrethrins synergized with piperonyl butoxide did not cause significant mortality of the aquatic invertebrates D. magna and Callibaetis californicus. Ground-based applications of ULV permethrin had no significant impact on aquatic macroinvertebrates and Gambusia affinis when used near wetlands [56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A refined aquatic ecological risk assessment for a pyrethroid insecticide used for adult mosquito management

Schleier

Peterson

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The use of pyrethroid insecticides has increased substantially throughout the world over the past few decades as the use of organophorous, carbamate, and organochlorine insecticides is being phased out. Pyrethroids are the most common class of insecticides for ultralow-volume (ULV) aerosol applications used to manage high densities of adult mosquitoes. Pyrethroids are highly toxic to nontarget organisms such as certain aquatic organisms, and there have been concerns about the effect of applications of ULV insecticides on these organisms. To address the uncertainties associated with the risks of ULV applications and the contradictory findings of other ecological risk assessments, the authors performed a probabilistic aquatic ecological risk assessment for permethrin using actual environmental deposition on surfaces to estimate permethrin concentrations in water. The present study is the first ecological risk assessment for pyrethroids to quantitatively integrate the reduction in bioavailability resulting from the presence of dissolved organic matter. As part of the risk assessment, the authors incorporated a species sensitivity distribution to take into account the differences in toxicity for different species. The 95th percentile estimated concentration would result in less than 0.0001% of the potentially affected fraction of species reaching the lethal concentration that kills 50% of a population. The results of the present study are supported by the weight of evidence that pyrethroids applied by ground-based ULV equipment will not result in deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:948-953. # 2013 SETAC

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“…The repeated application of synergized pyrethrin to wetland mesocosms at application rates typcially used for mosquito control did not produce detectable effects in populations of Daphnia magna or the mayfly, Callibaetis califonicus Banks (Lawler et al, 2008).…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms

Harmon¹

2009

Water Environment Research

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This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2008 on the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on freshwater organisms. It begins with two broad sections: research reviews and broad field studies and surveys. This is followed by reviews of research categorized in sections to reflect the pollutant class. These sections include wastewater, stormwater and non‐point source pollution, nutrients, metals, acid mine drainage, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and nanomaterials. The final section includes works describing innovations in the field of freshwater pollution research.

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Does synergized pyrethrin applied over wetlands for mosquito control affect Daphnia magna zooplankton or Callibaetis californicus mayflies?

Abstract: Deposition of aerosolized 25% pyrethrin + 5% PBO may contaminate wetlands, but its application at rates used for mosquito control did not produce detectable effects on indicator species.

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Quantifying Synergy: A Systematic Review of Mixture Toxicity Studies within Environmental Toxicology

Quantifying Synergy: A Systematic Review of Mixture Toxicity Studies within Environmental Toxicology

A refined aquatic ecological risk assessment for a pyrethroid insecticide used for adult mosquito management

Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms

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