“…National parks and other protected areas are the most important sites for sustainable nature tourism and therefore at the center of the debate. Important topics have been tourism development in national parks and other special areas (Fredman & Tyrv€ ainen, 2011;Frost & Hall, 2009;Hall & Saarinen, 2010), including sustainable thinking as a part of tourism development in protected areas (Plummer & Fennell, 2009;Puhakka & Saarinen, 2013), and the compatibility of sustainability and tourism, in theory and in practice (Saarinen, 2018;Swarbrooke, 1999;Zimmerman, 2018). Lately, there has been growing debate over the political ecology of tourism and the effects of neoliberal thinking toward the idea of sustainability in tourism (Saarinen, 2018;Saarinen & Nepal, 2016;Wearing & Wearing, 2016).…”