Does Stroke Impair Learning in Children?

Abstract

Objective. To assess cognitive development and learning in children who have had strokes. Method. Twenty-nine stroke patients and 18 children with no brain lesions and no learning impairments were evaluated. For the cognitive assessment, Piaget's clinical method was used. Writing, arithmetic, and reading abilities were assessed by the school performance test. Results. The mean age at evaluation was 9.6 years. Among the 29 children, 20 had early lesions (mean of 2.4 years old). The stroke was ischemic in 18 subjects; there were 7 cases of recurrence. Six children could not answer the tests. A high index of cognitive delay and low performance in writing, arithmetic, and reading were verified. Comparison with the control group revealed that the children who have had strokes had significantly lower performances. Conclusion. In this sample, strokes impaired cognitive development and learning. It is important that children have access to educational support and cognitive rehabilitation after injury. These approaches may minimise the effects of strokes on learning in children.

Impacto de intervenção baseada em realidade virtual sobre o desempenho motor e equilíbrio de uma criança com paralisia cerebral: estudo de caso1

“…Acquired brain injuries, such as hypoxic-ischemic lesions up to the age of three, are among the ten main causes of spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). 1 - 2 Although it does not severely impair functionality in children, hemiplegic motor impairment produces neuromotor alterations that cause precision deficits in movement performance and deficits in postural control, which is responsible for the stability and alignment between the body segments during the performance of activities. 3 Thus, the rehabilitation of children with mild motor impairment of the hemiplegic type may prove to be especially challenging to therapists, requiring profound technical knowledge and creativity.…”

“…As lesões encefálicas adquiridas, como as lesões hipóxico-isquêmicas até os três anos de idade estão entre as dez principais causas da paralisia cerebral (PC) hemiplégica espástica. 1 - 2 O comprometimento motor do tipo hemiplegia, embora não comprometa de forma grave a funcionalidade da criança, produz alterações neuromotoras que acarretam déficits de precisão na realização de movimentos e déficits de controle postural, responsável pela estabilidade e o alinhamento entre os segmentos corporais durante a execução de atividades. 3 Desta forma, a reabilitação de crianças com comprometimento motor leve, do tipo hemiplégico, pode mostrar-se especialmente desafiador aos terapeutas, exigindo conhecimento técnico profundo e criatividade.…”

Academic Outcome in Pediatric Stroke: A Multifaceted Approach to Exploring Challenges and Achievements

“…When assessing school functioning, researchers have also turned their attention to educational placements. Several studies include information about what kind of school participants attend, whether they require special education classes or accommodations, and if they repeated or failed a class (e.g., Rodrigues et al, 2011;Roze et al, 2009). Often, the ways in which placement information was collected are not clearly stated; authors tend to report this data without explaining how they gathered it (e.g., Chabrier et al, 2016;Golomb, Carvalho, & Garg, 2005).…”

Impact of a virtual reality-based intervention on motor performance and balance of a child with cerebral palsy: a case study

“…- 2 Although it does not severely impair functionality in children, hemiplegic motor impairment produces neuromotor alterations that cause precision deficits in movement performance and deficits in postural control, which is responsible for the stability and alignment between the body segments during the performance of activities 3. Thus, the rehabilitation of children with mild motor impairment of the hemiplegic type may prove to be especially challenging to therapists, requiring profound technical knowledge and creativity 4…”

“…- 2 O comprometimento motor do tipo hemiplegia, embora não comprometa de forma grave a funcionalidade da criança, produz alterações neuromotoras que acarretam déficits de precisão na realização de movimentos e déficits de controle postural, responsável pela estabilidade e o alinhamento entre os segmentos corporais durante a execução de atividades 3. Desta forma, a reabilitação de crianças com comprometimento motor leve, do tipo hemiplégico, pode mostrar-se especialmente desafiador aos terapeutas, exigindo conhecimento técnico profundo e criatividade 4…”