Does spawning behavior minimize exposure to environmental stressors for encapsulated gastropod embryos on rocky shores?

Przeslawski, Rachel; Davis, Andrew R.

doi:10.1007/s00227-007-0748-3

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Previous work [Figure 1 in [23]) records a maximum water temperature of 23.6°C and a mean maximum air temperature of 26.3°C over a 2 year period for this region. However, temperatures exceeding 35°C in small pools at the upper mid-shore level have also been observed [23]. Experiments were done in large outdoor recirculating seawater tables (3×1.5×0.25 m) so that embryos were exposed to natural light, with largely cloud-free skies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The p CO 2 /pH treatment was based on IPCC predictions for 2100, while temperatures were related to predictions of [36] (CSIRO model 3.5) and coincided with average and elevated summer temperatures of rock pools during low tide in this region [29], [37]. Previous work [Figure 1 in [23]) records a maximum water temperature of 23.6°C and a mean maximum air temperature of 26.3°C over a 2 year period for this region. However, temperatures exceeding 35°C in small pools at the upper mid-shore level have also been observed [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These common intertidal molluscs are Australasian endemics and have broad distributions in sub-tropical and temperate Australia [33], [34]. Both species spawn through out the year with summer peaks in egg mass production [23]. Recently spawned egg masses of B. nanum were carefully removed from shallow rock pools at the upper mid-shore level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both species spawn year round and consequently are exposed to a wide range of environmental conditions [23]. Molluscan embryos and larvae are known to be vulnerable to ocean acidification through decreases in shell growth and hatching rates [24], [25], and many rocky shore molluscs in SE Australia produce gelatinous or capsular egg masses [26] that are excellent models with which to examine the effects of stressors on early life stages (reviewed by [27]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex Responses of Intertidal Molluscan Embryos to a Warming and Acidifying Ocean in the Presence of UV Radiation

et al. 2013

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Climate change and ocean acidification will expose marine organisms to synchronous multiple stressors, with early life stages being potentially most vulnerable to changing environmental conditions. We simultaneously exposed encapsulated molluscan embryos to three abiotic stressors—acidified conditions, elevated temperate, and solar UV radiation in large outdoor water tables in a multifactorial design. Solar UV radiation was modified with plastic filters, while levels of the other factors reflected IPCC predictions for near-future change. We quantified mortality and the rate of embryonic development for a mid-shore littorinid, Bembicium nanum, and low-shore opisthobranch, Dolabrifera brazieri. Outcomes were consistent for these model species with embryos faring significantly better at 26°C than 22°C. Mortality sharply increased at the lowest temperature (22°C) and lowest pH (7.6) examined, producing a significant interaction. Under these conditions mortality approached 100% for each species, representing a 2- to 4-fold increase in mortality relative to warm (26°C) non-acidified conditions. Predictably, development was more rapid at the highest temperature but this again interacted with acidified conditions. Development was slowed under acidified conditions at the lowest temperature. The presence of UV radiation had minimal impact on the outcomes, only slowing development for the littorinid and not interacting with the other factors. Our findings suggest that a warming ocean, at least to a threshold, may compensate for the effects of decreasing pH for some species. It also appears that stressors will interact in complex and unpredictable ways in a changing climate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex Responses of Intertidal Molluscan Embryos to a Warming and Acidifying Ocean in the Presence of UV Radiation

et al. 2013

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“…Broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates fertilize their gametes externally and have motile larval stages that spend days to months in the water column, making them vulnerable to various environmental perturbations47. Thus, it is essential to consider multiple life stages when assessing a species' ability to tolerate stress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Doors are closing on early development in corals facing climate change

Keshavmurthy

Fontana

Mezaki³

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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Marine invertebrates are particularly vulnerable to climatic anomalies in early life history stages because of the time spent in the water column. Studies have focused on the effect of seawater temperature on fertilization, development, and larval stages in corals; however, none of them show comparative results along an environmental gradient. In this study, we show that temperatures in the range of 15–33°C have strong effects on fertilization rates and embryonic stages of two coral species, Acropora muricata in the subtropical environment and Acropora hyacinthus in subtropical and temperate environments. Deformations after the first cleavage stages were observed at low (15°C) and high (33°C) temperatures. Development was delayed by 6–7 h in the slightly non-optimal temperature of 20°C. We found significant differences in fertilization rates and responses of embryos from different latitudes, with temperate corals being more sensitive to extremely hot temperatures and vice versa. We hypothesize that the coral development is restricted to a narrow temperature range and deviation outside this window could inhibit a species' continuance and ecological success. Thus, it would have significant negative effects on adult populations and communities, playing a role in future of coral reef survival.

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Synergistic effects of ultraviolet radiation and conditions at low tide on egg masses of limpets (Benhamina obliquata and Siphonaria australis) in New Zealand

Russell

Phillips

2009

Mar Biol

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Does spawning behavior minimize exposure to environmental stressors for encapsulated gastropod embryos on rocky shores?

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Complex Responses of Intertidal Molluscan Embryos to a Warming and Acidifying Ocean in the Presence of UV Radiation

Complex Responses of Intertidal Molluscan Embryos to a Warming and Acidifying Ocean in the Presence of UV Radiation

Doors are closing on early development in corals facing climate change

Synergistic effects of ultraviolet radiation and conditions at low tide on egg masses of limpets (Benhamina obliquata and Siphonaria australis) in New Zealand

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