Does soil pyrogenic carbon determine plant functional traits in Amazon Basin forests?

Massi, Klécia Gili; Bird, Michael I.; Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes; Nogueira, Denis Silva; Oliveira, Edmar Almeida de; Phillips, Oliver L.; Quesada, Carlos Alberto; Andrade, Ana; Brienen, Roel; Camargo, José Luís; Chave, Jérôme; Coronado, Eurídice N. Honorio; Ferreira, Leandro Valle; Higuchi, Níro; Laurance, Susan G.; Laurance, William F.; Lovejoy, Thomas Ε.; Malhi, Yadvinder; Martínez, Rodolfo Vásquez; Monteagudo, Abel; Neill, David; Prieto, A.; Ramírez‐Angulo, Hirma; Steege, Hans ter; Torre, Emilio Vilanova; Feldpausch, Ted R.

doi:10.1007/s11258-017-0751-9

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Fires generally cause high tree mortality, may locally extinguish fire-sensitive species (Hoffmann and Solbrig, 2003;Leblanc et al, 2005) and cause arrested succession in communities subjected to recurrent fires. However, one-time fires, as other small-intensity disturbances in tropical forests, might disrupt advanced stages of succession and start the dynamics of species substitution (as verified for some sites in the Amazon basin: Massi et al, 2017). In addition, fire in these forests could induce sprouting of fire-resistant species trunks and roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Species response to fires has been associated with functional traits by different mechanisms, such as bark thickness, wood density and leaf area providing structural protection against fire or related to an avoidance strategy of water loss (Hoffmann et al, 2004;Hoffmann et al, 2009;Armenteras et al, 2021). In addition, in forest areas subject to fire, it would be expected to find a greater number of species with leaf deciduousness (deciduous and semideciduous species), dispersal syndromes by abiotic agents, and shadow intolerance, among other functional traits (Massi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Floristic and Phytosociological Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functional traits considered in this study are related to species strategies to cope with fire (resistance or avoidance) (Cornelissen et al, 2003;Sobral and Cianciaruso, 2012;Massi et al, 2017). These included five vegetative traits: maximum tree height, wood density, leaf length, leaf deciduousness (evergreen and deciduous) and shade tolerance (tolerant and not tolerant) and one reproductive trait: dispersal mode (biotic and abiotic).…”

Section: Functional Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire effects on Atlantic Forest sites from a composition, structure and functional perspective

et al. 2022

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Recently, some portions of the Atlantic Forest biome have been suffering an increase in forest fires, possibly changing its vegetation cover, composition, structure and functioning. Understanding these changes is critical to evaluate the present and future response of tropical forests to fire. Thus, the purpose of our study was to evaluate how diversity, structure and functioning of tree communities differed between burned and unburned sites. Two unburned and two burned forest patches were selected for floristic and phytosociological surveys. Then, we calculated species richness, Shannon diversity index, tree density and basal area, Importance Value Index for trees in each site and we assessed community weighted mean of six functional traits (maximum tree height, wood density, leaf length, leaf deciduousness, shade tolerance and dispersal mode). Diversity, species richness, tree density and basal area were similar between sites. We found changes in floristic composition, but did not verified variations in functional traits. Results indicate that recovery may be fast and that pioneer and early secondary species are occupying post burned sites (nine years old). One-time anthropogenic, superficial and low intensity fires might disrupt advanced stages of succession and start again the dynamics of species substitution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Floristic and Phytosociological Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire effects on Atlantic Forest sites from a composition, structure and functional perspective

et al. 2022

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“…Following fire, humid Amazon forests can remain a net C source of above-ground C for decades (Silva et al, 2020) and in southeastern Amazonia, the response of forest to fire varies among terra firme and riparian forests (Nogueira et al, 2019). Whether fire can continue to have residual effects on forests over much longer time scales is unclear (Massi et al, 2017). Structurally mature African and Amazon Basin tropical forests have provided a substantial C sink since at least the late twentieth century (Phillips et al, 1998;Lewis et al, 2009;Feldpausch et al, 2016), but the net uptake of C by some Amazon forests has been declining (Brienen et al, 2015;Hubau et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Fire History in Amazonia Inferred From Intensive Soil Charcoal Sampling and Radiocarbon Dating

Feldpausch

Carvalho

Macario

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Fire has a historical role in tropical forests related to past climate and ancient land use spanning the Holocene; however, it is unclear from charcoal records how fire varied at different spatiotemporal scales and what sampling strategies are required to determine fire history and their effects. We evaluated fire variation in structurally intact, terra-firme Amazon forests, by intensive soil charcoal sampling from three replicate soil pits in sites in Guyana and northern and southern Peru. We used radiocarbon (14C) measurement to assess (1) locally, how the timing of fires represented in our sample varied across the surface of forest plots and with soil depth, (2) basin-wide, how the age of fires varies across climate and environmental gradients, and (3) how many samples are appropriate when applying the 14C approach to assess the date of last fire. Considering all 14C dates (n = 33), the most recent fires occurred at a similar time at each of the three sites (median ages: 728–851 cal years BP), indicating that in terms of fire disturbance at least, these forests could be considered old-growth. The number of unique fire events ranged from 1 to 4 per pit and from 4 to 6 per site. Based upon our sampling strategy, the N-Peru site—with the highest annual precipitation—had the most fire events. Median fire return intervals varied from 455 to 2,950 cal years BP among sites. Based on available dates, at least three samples (1 from the top of each of 3 pits) are required for the sampling to have a reasonable likelihood of capturing the most recent fire for forests with no history of a recent fire. The maximum fire return interval for two sites was shorter than the time since the last fire, suggesting that over the past ∼800 years these forests have undergone a longer fire-free period than the past 2,000–3,500 years. Our analysis from terra-firme forest soils helps to improve understanding of changes in fire regime, information necessary to evaluate post-fire legacies on modern vegetation and soil and to calibrate models to predict forest response to fire under climate change.

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“…In the Brazilian Amazon, fire effects on tropical forests were first studied in the 1980's due to concerns of land clearing from wildfires (Uhl et al, 1981(Uhl et al, , 1982. While evidence of past fire has been reported for some old-growth Amazonian forests from charcoal radiocarbon dating and estimates of soil pyrogenic carbon storage (Sanford et al, 1985;Goulart et al, 2017;Koele et al, 2017), it is unclear whether past fire led to the selection of fire-adapted traits among Amazon forest tree species (Massi et al, 2017). If plant communities were adapted to past fires in Amazon forests, current burning would impact these differently (Brando et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Effects on Understory Forest Regeneration in Southern Amazonia

Prestes

Massi

Alves-Silva

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Fire in tropical forests increases tree mortality, degrades forest structure, and reduces carbon stocks. Currently, there are large gaps in understanding how fire affects understory forest structure and composition, interactions with fire recurrence, and longterm impacts. Understanding these changes is critical to evaluate the present and future response of tropical forests to fire. We studied post-fire changes in understory regeneration in forests in Mato Grosso State, southern Amazonia, Brazil, aiming to answer the following questions: (i) does forest structure (basal area) and tree community composition vary with fire frequency and time since the last fire? (ii) does the response differ among strata (e.g., sapling, larger trees)? (iii) are changes in diversity associated with changes in forest structure? We surveyed trees and lianas in previously structurally intact forests that underwent selective logging, followed by different fire histories, including 5 and 16 years after once-burned, 5 years after three times burned, and unburned (control). Overall, species composition (abundance, richness, and number of families) and diversity were highest for the unburned treatment and lowest for the recurrent burned areas. Fire frequency negatively affected plant structure and basal area; basal area of small, medium, and large plants declined significantly by more than 50% in the most frequently burned areas. Richness was positively related to basal area in the three times burned sites and in the 16 years regenerating site for all strata. Our results demonstrate the negative influence of frequent fires on both the composition and structure of small trees in Amazonian forest. These changes to the cohort of small-sized trees may persist and have long-term impacts on forest structure, affecting the capacity, and direction of forest recovery. With wildfire widespread across the region and increasing in frequency, fire may negatively affect tree diversity in remaining selectively logged forests, and affect regional carbon cycling with consequences for the global vegetation carbon sink.

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Does soil pyrogenic carbon determine plant functional traits in Amazon Basin forests?

Cited by 5 publications

References 96 publications

Fire effects on Atlantic Forest sites from a composition, structure and functional perspective

Fire effects on Atlantic Forest sites from a composition, structure and functional perspective

Forest Fire History in Amazonia Inferred From Intensive Soil Charcoal Sampling and Radiocarbon Dating

Fire Effects on Understory Forest Regeneration in Southern Amazonia

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