Does socio-economic inequality in infant mortality still exists in India? An analysis based on National Family Health Survey 2005–06 and 2015–16

Kumar, Pradeep; Patel, Ratna; Chauhan, Shekhar; Khare, Ankur; Patel, Kamlesh Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2020.07.010

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Concentration index presents the magnitude of inequality by measuring the area between the concentration curve and line of equality and is calculated as twice the weighted covariance between the outcome and fractional rank in the wealth distribution divided by the variable mean [ 41 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic inequality in psychological distress among older adults in India: a decomposition analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Older people coming from a lower wealth gradient are more vulnerable to have stressful life events further adding more risk for common mental health disorders and psychological distress situations. The present study explores the associations between socioeconomic and health-related variables and psychological distress among older adults in India and the contribution of such factors to the inequalities in psychological distress. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 9181 older adults conducted as ‘Building a Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India’ was assessed. Logistic regression and decomposition models were used to analyze the data. Psychological distress was measured from General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The value of Cronbach's alpha was 0.90. It was having a scale of 0 to 12 on the basis of experiencing stressful symptoms and was re-coded as 0 (representing 6+ stressful symptoms) and 1 (representing 5 and fewer symptoms). Results Older adults from the poored, suffering from multi-morbidity, disabled, with low activities of daily living and low instrumental activities of daily living and poor cognitive ability were suffering from high psychological distress in India. Further, factors such as religion, caste, education, living arrangements, and self-worth in the family were major contributors to the concentration of psychological distress in older adults from poor households (concentration index: − 0.23). Conclusion The study suggests that among older people, there is a wide disparity of experiencing psychological distress across different socio-economic groups with significant factors being responsible for inequality in psychological distress. There is a need to build a “win-win” circumstance across sectors, including a broad spectrum of health, social and economic benefits to the vulnerable older population.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic inequality in psychological distress among older adults in India: a decomposition analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Place of residence was given as urban and rural. Geographical regions were categorized as North, Central, East, Northeast, West, and South [ 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia among mother-father-child pairs in India: examining co-existence of triple burden of anaemia in a family

2021

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Background Anaemia is a global health concern and is also a common comorbidity in multiple medical conditions. Very limited research is available examining anaemia among family members in India and across various countries. The present study aimed to examine the co-existence of the triple burden of anaemia among mother-father-child pairs in a family. Methods The data utilized was from the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. The effective sample size for the study was 26,910 couples, along with children aged 6–59 months. The bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to assess the factors associated with family-level anaemia. In bivariate analysis, a chi-square test was performed to determine the association of socio-demographic factors with anaemic family. Results More than half of the mothers (57.5%) and their children (58%), along with 10% of fathers, were found to be anaemic; however, the co-existence of triple burden of anaemia among mother-father-child pairs was 4.7% in the study. The likelihood of family-level anaemia was low when both the parents were educated [OR: 0.69, CI: 0.58–0.81], and it was high when both the parents were employed [OR: 1.40 CI: 1.10–1.80]. Families from the Scheduled Tribe had a 62% higher likelihood to suffer from anaemia [OR: 1.62, CI: 1.33–1.97]. Conclusions The suggested interventions include early diagnosis, effective management, and treatment of anaemia. Moreover, adequate complementary feeding practices for children shall also be promoted. Parental education on nutrition is also required, and community interventions are needed to improve parental education on nutrition. At last, there is a need for greater policy and program attention to improving nutritional knowledge among mothers so as to tackle the triple burden of anaemia among mother-father-child pairs.

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“…The range of index was from poorest to the richest i.e. ranging from lowest to the highest [ 28 – 34 ]. Religion (Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and others) [ 28 – 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The range of index was from poorest to the richest i.e. ranging from lowest to the highest [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. 9.…”

Section: Predictor Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of violence against older adults – findings from India

et al. 2021

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Background Violence against older adults is a well-recognised socio-psychological and public health problem. It is uncared-for, undiagnosed, and an untreated problem that is widespread across both developed and developing countries. The present paper aims to understand the extent of the socio-economic status related inequality in violence against older adults in India. Methods The study uses data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI). Violence against older adults is the outcome variable for the study and is defined as older adults who faced any abuse or violence or neglect or disrespect by any person. Bivariate analysis and regression-based decomposition technique is used to understand the relative contribution of various socio-economic factors to violence against older adults (N = 9541). Results The prevalence of violence faced by older adults was 11.2%. Older adults aged 80+ years [OR: 1.49; CI: 1.14–1.93] and working [OR: 1.26; CI: 1.02–1.56] had higher likelihood to face violence than their counterparts. On the other hand, older adults who were currently in union [OR: 0.79; CI: 0.65–0.95], lived with children [OR: 0.53; CI: 0.40–0.72] and who belonged to richer wealth quintile [OR: 0.35; CI:0.24–0.51] had lower likelihood to suffer from violence than their counterparts. The decomposition results revealed that poor older adults were more prone to violence (Concentration index: − 0.20). Household’s wealth status was responsible for explaining 93.7% of the socio-economic status related inequality whereas living arrangement of older adults explained 13.7% of the socio-economic related inequality. Education and working status of older adults made a substantial contribution to the inequalities in reported violence, explaining 3.7% and 3.3% of the total inequality, respectively. Conclusion Though interpretation of the results requires a cautious understanding of the data used, the present study highlights some of the relevant issues faced by the country’s older adults. With no or meagre income of their own, older adults belonging to the poorest wealth quintile have little or no bargaining power to secure a violent free environment for themselves. Therefore, special attention in terms of social and economic support should be given to the economically vulnerable older population.

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Does socio-economic inequality in infant mortality still exists in India? An analysis based on National Family Health Survey 2005–06 and 2015–16

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Socioeconomic inequality in psychological distress among older adults in India: a decomposition analysis

Socioeconomic inequality in psychological distress among older adults in India: a decomposition analysis

Anaemia among mother-father-child pairs in India: examining co-existence of triple burden of anaemia in a family

Socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of violence against older adults – findings from India

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