Does social status predict adult smoking and obesity? Results from the 2000 Mexican National Health Survey

Buttenheim, Alison M.; Wong, Rebeca; Goldman, Noreen; Pebley, Anne R.

doi:10.1080/17441690902756062

Cited by 28 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…On the basis of data from economically developing countries (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) , we hypothesized that children from a…”

Section: Snacks Traditional Diet Food Patterns Nutrition Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic status and urbanization are linked to snacks and obesity in adolescents in Botswana

Maruapula

Jackson

Holsten

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To describe patterns of food consumption associated with overweight/ obesity (OW/OB) and their links to socio-economic status (SES) and urbanization. Design: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Setting: Secondary schools in cities, towns and villages in Botswana, Africa. Subjects: A total of 746 adolescent schoolchildren. Results: OW/OB is associated with greater SES, city residence and a snack-food diet pattern. Students belonging to higher SES compared with those from a lower SES background reported significantly (P , 0?01) more daily servings of snack foods (1?55 v. 0?76) and fewer servings of traditional diet foods (0?99 v. 1?68) and also reported that they ate meals outside the home more often (90 % v. 72 %). Students in cities ate significantly (P , 0?01) more servings of snacks (1?69 v. 1?05 v. 0?51) and fewer servings of traditional foods (0?67 v. 1?52 v. 1?61) compared with those in urban and rural villages. The odds of OW/OB were increased 1?16-fold with a snack-food diet, a result that was diminished when controlled for SES. Conclusions: These data suggest that nutritional transition occurs at different rates across urbanization and SES levels in Botswana. In cities, increasing the availability of fruit while reducing access to or portion sizes of snack items is important. Emphasis on continued intake of traditional foods may also be helpful as rural areas undergo economic and infrastructural development. Keywords Snacks Traditional diet Food patterns Nutrition transitionThe worldwide obesity epidemic is evident in children belonging to economically developed countries, as well as in children belonging to countries undergoing such development. According to the International Obesity Taskforce, approximately 10 % of youth aged 5-17 years worldwide were overweight (OW) and 2-3 % were obese (OB) in the year 2000 (1) . In a nationwide sample of adolescent secondary-school students in Botswana, 16 % of adolescents were OW/OB, with three OW/OB adolescents for every underweight one (2) . In this sample, OW/OB prevalence was higher among adolescents having a higher socio-economic status (SES) and among those from cities than among those from rural villages. These data suggest that initial efforts to prevent further increase in the prevalence of OW/OB must consider environmental and behavioural factors associated with increasing SES and urbanization as economic development continues.The typical food intake patterns of adolescents in Botswana and whether these patterns have any relationship with OW/OB have not been published. In addition, the role that SES or urbanization plays in patterns of food consumption has not been examined in adolescents. It is critical to understand these behaviours as a first step towards designing interventions to prevent the expected further increases in OW/OB. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were:1. to characterize the patterns of food intake of adolescent schoolchildren and the relationship of these patterns with OW/OB; 2. to evaluate the associatio...

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“…On the basis of data from economically developing countries (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) , we hypothesized that children from a…”

Section: Snacks Traditional Diet Food Patterns Nutrition Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic status and urbanization are linked to snacks and obesity in adolescents in Botswana

Maruapula

Jackson

Holsten

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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“…7 Socially disadvantaged populations were disproportionately affected and suffered from 8 undernutrition. They were 'protected' from obesity by a lack of material resources and access to 9 calories. As countries develop and economies become largely based on service industries, most 10 can afford high-calorie foods and avoid physical labour.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrition transition in Mexico 1988–2016: the role of wealth in the social patterning of obesity by education

Pérez-Ferrer¹,

McMunn²,

Zaninotto³

et al. 2018

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: This study investigates whether the reversal of the social gradient in obesity, defined as a cross-over to higher obesity prevalence among groups with lower education level, has occurred among men and women in urban and rural areas of Mexico.Design: Cross-sectional series of nationally representative surveys (1988, 1999, 2006, 2012 and 2016). The association between education and obesity was investigated over the period . Effect modification of the education-obesity association by household wealth was tested. Setting: MexicoSubjects: Women (N=54,816) and men (N=20,589) aged 20-49 years.Results: In both urban and rural areas, the association between education and obesity in women varied by level of household wealth in the earlier surveys, 1988, 1999 & 2006 (interaction p<0.001). In urban areas in 1988, one level lower education was associated with 45% higher obesity prevalence among the richest women (Prevalence Ratio=1.45 95%CI 1.24,1.69), whereas among the poorest the same education difference was protective (PR=0.84 95%CI 0.72,0.99). In the latest surveys (2012, 2016), higher education was protective across all wealth groups. Among men, education level was not associated with obesity in urban areas; there was a direct association in rural areas. Wealth did not modify the association between education and obesity. Conclusion:The reversal of the educational gradient in obesity among women occurred once a threshold level of household wealth was reached. Among men, there was no evidence of a reversal of the gradient. Policies must not lose sight of the most vulnerable populations to the obesogenic environment.

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“…Research regarding the SEP-obesity relationship based on gender differences indicates mixed results. Some studies find a positive SEP-obesity relationship for men and women [7]; while other research finds that men in middle and high SEP categories have increased odds of being obese compared to men in low SEP categories, but the same is not observed for women [8,19]. Research looking at women only finds that obesity prevalence has increased across all SEP groups, measured by living conditions, from 1998 to 2006, but the largest increases have occurred among women in the poorest living conditions [6].…”

Section: Socioeconomic Position and Obesity In Mexicomentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore the mechanisms by which SEP influences obesity status based on rural and urban residence and gender remain less clear, although research has shown that the SEPobesity relationship in Mexico is nonlinear based on rural or urban residence and gender [19]. Pathways most often mentioned in the literature linking SEP to health status more broadly include local environmental conditions of residential location, household and work settings, coping mechanism to deal with stress, health behaviors (including diet and nutrition) and knowledge, and access to appropriate health care [5,24,25].…”

Section: Socioeconomic Position and Obesity In Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This uneven economic and social development and rapid urbanization have occurred concomitantly with a nutrition transition [16][17][18], which may influence rural/urban or gender obesity differences noted between Mexican adults. Rural Mexican adults are less likely 2 International Journal of Population Research to be obese relative to urban adults in Mexico [6,10]; however SEP operates differently to influence obesity among rural men and women [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socioeconomic Position, Rural Residence, and Marginality Influences on Obesity Status in the Adult Mexican Population

Sparks

2012

International Journal of Population Research

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This paper assesses individual and social environment determinants of obesity in the adult Mexican population based on socioeconomic position, rural residence, and areal deprivation. Using a nationally representative health and nutrition survey, this analysis considers individual and structural determinants of obesity from a socioeconomic position and health disparities conceptual framework using multilevel logistic regression models. We find that more than thirty percent of Mexican adults were obese in 2006 and that the odds of being obese were strongly associated with an individual's socioeconomic position, gender, place of residence, and the level of marginalization (areal deprivation) in the place of residence. Surprisingly, areas of the country where areal deprivation was highest had lower risks of individual obesity outcomes. We suggest that programs oriented towards addressing the health benefits of traditional food systems over high-energy dense refined foods and sugary beverages be promoted as part of a public health program aimed at curbing the rising obesity prevalence in Mexico.

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Does social status predict adult smoking and obesity? Results from the 2000 Mexican National Health Survey

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Socio-economic status and urbanization are linked to snacks and obesity in adolescents in Botswana

Socio-economic status and urbanization are linked to snacks and obesity in adolescents in Botswana

The nutrition transition in Mexico 1988–2016: the role of wealth in the social patterning of obesity by education

Socioeconomic Position, Rural Residence, and Marginality Influences on Obesity Status in the Adult Mexican Population

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