Does smoking impair sleep hygiene?

Abstract

Background: Sleep architecture and sleep hygiene might be disrupted by several pathogenetic mechanisms, and the effect of smoking has not been evaluated. Objective: To investigate the effect of smoking on sleep hygiene behaviors that might be associated with the deterioration of quality-of-life (QoL) parameters. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, smokers (n=114) and nonsmokers (n=119) were included. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality İndex (PSQI), the Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), and the Short Form-36 quality of life scale (SF-36) were applied. Results: We found that none of the components, as well as the PSQI total score were affected in smokers compared with the nonsmoker controls (65.5% of smokers had poor sleep compared to 62.5% of nonsmokers). Although smokers tend to get out of bed at different times from day to day and do important work before bedtime (components of the SHI) more often than non-smokers, no significant differences were detected between groups in any component and SHI total score (27.91±6.72 for smokers and 29.23±8.0 for non-smokers). ESS, depression and anxiety symptoms, and SHI scores in smokers with poor sleep quality were significantly different compared with smokers that had normal sleep quality. Both PSQI and SHI scores were inversely associated with QoL parameters. Conclusions: Our results suggest that smoking by itself is not associated with poor sleep hygiene or sleep quality. It can be concluded that worse SHI and quality of sleep negatively affect QoL, depression, and anxiety in smokers.

Sleep quality of undergraduates in Fujian and its influencing factors : a cross-sectional study

“…Another survey suggest that smoking by itself is not associated with sleep quality 25 .The effect of smoking on sleep is currently mainly attributed to the excitatory effects of nicotine 26 .We can see that smoking is particularly deleterious to sleep quality. Addressing smoking stop to improve sleep may be a nice way to motivate student smokers to quit.…”

The Interactions between Smoking and Sleep

“…Furthermore, poor sleep quality, along with several other unhealthy habits, have been associated with lower grey matter brain volume and although smoking was not a significant factor in the multivariate analysis [129], it has been associated with several neurological defects such as mild cognitive impairment, memory problems and even sudden deafness [15,27,130,131]. In addition, smoking combined with poor sleep quality have also been associated with mental health problems [55] such as anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder [22,46,51,132]. This has also been demonstrated in a genetic study, in which smoking and sleep quality were independent risk factors for both depression and bipolar disorder [16].…”

“…On the other hand, there are also studies that have not identified significant relationships between cigarette smoking and sleep quality, apart from an indirect confounding action along with other socioeconomic factors [50], or merely an insignificant effect in sleep hygiene [51]. However, all the aforementioned studies used mainly questionnaires, whilst the detrimental effect of smoking on sleep quality has also been demonstrated with biochemical and genetic examinations.…”